Books

::Summary## This book provides cutting-edge information on the vaccination of children treated with various immunosuppressive regimens. The latest literature and recommendations on vaccination in immunosuppressed children are discussed in detail, providing practical guidelines on vaccination for specialists caring for immunosuppressive paediatric patients. Vaccination of Immunosuppressed Children in Clinical Practice is a clinically-focused synthesis for a wide audience of paediatricians around the world. Paediatricians (including rheumatologists, gastroenterologists, immunologists, neurologists, nephrologists, oncologists, haematologists) will find this book to be an essential resource for their daily clinical practice.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Importance of vaccinating immunocompromised children<br/>Immune responses to vaccination<br/>Mode of action of the various immunosuppressive drugs, effects on vaccine responses and recommendations<br/>Vaccination with live vaccines<br/>Vaccination with non-live vaccines<br/>Vaccination schedule in immune compromised children. Practical approach concerning the vaccination of children with dysimmune disorders who should start immunosuppression or already under immunosuppressive treatment.

::Summary## Vaccines against antigenically stable pathogens, or pathogens that only exist in a limited number of serotypes, have been very successful in the past and have drastically decreased the incidence and lethality of many diseases. However, when it comes to highly variable pathogens or viruses that exist in multiple serotypes, the traditional methods for vaccine development have reached their limits. This volume highlights the development of vaccines against such challenging pathogens. Novel approaches for immunogen design, including structure-guided vaccine development and vaccines targeting glycans, as well as adjuvants and animal models used for testing possible vaccine candidates are outlined and discussed in detail. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists in the fields of infectious diseases, microbiology and medicine.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Successful Vaccines<br/>Immunogenicity and Immunodominance in Antibody Responses<br/>Immunogen Design<br/>Adjuvants<br/>Tools to screen vaccines<br/>Targeting glycans on human pathogens for vaccine design<br/>BnAbs and highly antigenically variable pathogens.

::Contents##<br/>Vaccines and vaccination for veterinary viral diseases : a general overview / Alejandro Brun<br/>Using IC-tagging methodology for production and purification of epitope-loaded protein microspheres for vaccination / Natalia Barreiro- Piñeiro ... [et al.] <br/>Plant-based vaccine antigen production / Hoang Trong Phan and Udo Conrad<br/>DNA vaccines : experiences in the swine model / Francesc Accensi, Fernando Rodríguez, and Paula L. Monteagudo<br/>Novel adjuvants and immunomodulators for veterinary vaccines / Peter M.H. Heegaard, Yongxiang Fang, and Gregers Jungersen<br/>Polymerase mechanism-based method of viral attenuation / Cheri A. Lee ... [et al.]<br/>BacMam platform for vaccine antigen delivery / Günther M. Keil ... [et al.]<br/>Laboratory-scale production of replication-deficient adenovirus vectored vaccines / Susan J. Morris ... [et al.]<br/>Generation of recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara encoding VP2, NS1, and VP7 proteins of bluetongue virus / Alejandro Marín- López and Javier Ortego<br/>Generation of recombinant capripoxvirus vectors for vaccines and gene knockout function studies / Hani Boshra, Jingxin Cao, and Shawn Babiuk<br/>Recombinant swinepox virus for veterinary vaccine development / Hong-Jie Fan and Hui-Xing Lin<br/>Generation and selection of Orf virus (ORFV) recombinants / Hanns-Joachim Rziha, Jörg Rohde, and Ralf Amann<br/>Polycistronic herpesvirus amplicon vectors for veterinary vaccine development / Anita Felicitas Meier, Andrea Sara Laimbacher, and Mathias Ackermann<br/>Construction and application of newcastle disease virus-based vector vaccines / Paul J. Wichgers Schreur<br/>Chimeric pestivirus experimental vaccines / Ilona Reimann, Sandra Blome, and Martin Beer<br/>Analysis of the cellular immune responses to vaccines / Nicholas Svitek ... [et al.].

::Summary## This book is designed to provide easy-to-read and basic information about vaccines for those undertaking a vaccine course or for medical providers seeking to improve their skills. Written by expert medical educators in the areas of infectious diseases, medical microbiology, and pediatrics, this book begins by establishing the fundamentals of vaccines such as what constitutes a vaccine, how they are manufactured and composed, how they are tested for safety and efficacy, and how vaccine recommendations are developed and conveyed to health care providers and their patients. The book then explains the composition, safety profile, effectiveness, and current recommendations for use of every available vaccine, alphabetized by infection. The concluding section illuminates practical concerns every vaccinating clinician experiences, including vaccine confidence and hesitancy, misconceptions, and patient communication. Vaccines: A Clinical Overview and Practical Guide is an excellent learning tool for all students and providers administering vaccines to patients, including infectious disease specialists and other internal medicine subspecialists, pediatricians, geriatricians, as well as all other primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, physician's assistants, and nurses.<br/>::Contents##<br/>The Immune Response to Infection<br/>Passive Immunization<br/>Active Immunization<br/>Vaccine Additives and Excipients<br/>The Process and Timeline to Develop a New Vaccine<br/>Adenovirus<br/>Anthrax<br/>Cholera<br/>Dengue<br/>Diphtheria<br/>Ebola<br/>Haemophilus Influenzae Type B<br/>Hepatitis A<br/>Hepatitis B<br/>Human Papillomavirus<br/>Influenza<br/>Japanese Encephalitis<br/>Measles<br/>Meningococcus<br/>Mumps<br/>Pertussis<br/>Plague<br/>Pneumococcus<br/>Polio<br/>Rabies<br/>Rotavirus<br/>Rubella<br/>Smallpox<br/>Tetanus<br/>Tickborne Encephalitis<br/>Tuberculosis<br/>Typhoid Fever<br/>Varicella and Shingles<br/>Yellow Fever<br/>Combination Vaccines<br/>Vaccine Preventable Disease Outbreaks<br/>Vaccine Mandates<br/>Vaccine Confidence and Vaccine Hesitancy<br/>Communicating with Parents About Vaccines.

::Summary## "The dangerous decline in vaccinations in many developed countries is at the heart of a lively debate that confirms how important the subject is today. Vaccinations are among mankind's most important scientific discoveries, yet they continue to be viewed with suspicion by part of the public - the victims of disinformation campaigns, instrumentalization and unfounded fears. There is, however, also an evolutionary explanation for these irrational beliefs, and countering the growing social opposition will be extremely difficult without grasping it. This book, which sheds new light on the safety and importance of vaccinations, is intended both for parents and those readers who want to understand the role of vaccinations in contemporary society, where the ease of access to knowledge is both a great opportunity and a great responsibility. The chapters follow a historical progression and conclude with a discussion of the most recent cognitive theories on how to overcome this opposition to vaccinations."--Back cover.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Who is afraid of vaccines?<br/>A brief history of anti-vaccination movements<br/>The accusations against vaccinations on the Internet: autism, mercury and immunological overload<br/>How to unmask the anti-vaccination "experts"<br/>The past, present and future of vaccines.

::Summary## This open access book is a collection of research papers on COVID-19 by Germán Velásquez from 2020 and early 2021 that help to answer the question: How can an agency like the World Health Organization (WHO) be given a stronger voice to exercise authority and leadership? The considerable health, economic and social challenges that the world faced at the beginning of 2020 with COVID-19 continued and worsened in many parts of the world in the second-half of 2020 and into 2021. Many of these countries and nations wanted to explore COVID-19 on their own, sometimes without listening to the main international health bodies such as WHO, an agency of the United Nations system with long-standing experience and vast knowledge at the global level and of which all countries in the world are members. In this single volume, the chapters present the progress of thinking and debate -- particularly in relation to drugs and vaccines -- that would enable a response to the COVID-19 pandemic or to subsequent crises that may arise. Among the topics covered: COVID-19 Vaccines: Between Ethics, Health and Economics Medicines and Intellectual Property: 10 Years of the WHO Global Strategy Re-thinking Global and Local Manufacturing of Medical Products After COVID-19 Rethinking R&D for Pharmaceutical Products After the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Shock Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines and Vaccines The World Health Organization Reforms in the Time of COVID-19 Vaccines, Medicines and COVID-19: How Can WHO Be Given a Stronger Voice? is essential reading for negotiators from the 194 member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO); World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) staff participating in these negotiations; academics and students of public health, medicine, health sciences, law, sociology and political science; and intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations that follow the issue of access to treatments and vaccines for COVID-19.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Chapter 1: COVID-19 Vaccines: Between Ethics, Health and Economics<br/>Chapter 2: Medicines and Intellectual Property: 10 Years of the WHO Global Strategy<br/>Chapter 3: Re-thinking Global and Local Manufacturing of Medical Products After COVID-19<br/>Chapter 4: Rethinking R&D for Pharmaceutical Products After the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Shock<br/>Chapter 5: Intellectual Property and Access to Medicines and Vaccines<br/>Chapter 6: The World Health Organization Reforms in the Time of COVID-19<br/>Epilogue.

::Summary## "This book summarizes age-related changes of the immune system and their impact on immune responses to vaccination, as well as other factors influencing vaccine-induced immune responses in old age. It gives an overview of vaccines which are currently available for older adults and of novel technologies and targets which hopefully will lead to more and improved vaccines for this vulnerable population"-- Provided by publisher.<br/>::Contents##<br/>How Inflammation Blunts Innate Immunity in Aging / Goldberg, E.L., Shaw, A.C., Montgomery, R.R.<br/>Natural Killer Cells, Aging, and Vaccination / Witkowski, J.M., Larbi, A., Le Page, A.; Fülöp, T.<br/>Changes in T Cell Homeostasis and Vaccine Responses in Old Age / Wong, G.C.L., Strickland, M.C., Larbi, A.<br/>Age-Related Changes in B Cells Relevant to Vaccine Responses / Dunn-Walters, D., Stewart, A., Sinclair, E., Serangeli, I.<br/>Comorbidities in the Elderly and Their Possible Influence on Vaccine Response / Kwetkat, A., Heppner, H.J.<br/>The Impact of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome on Vaccination Success / Frasca, D., Blomberg, B.B.<br/>Influenza Vaccination: Accelerating the Process for New Vaccine Development in Older Adults / McElhaney, J.E., Andrew, M.K., Haynes, L., Kuchel, G.A., McNeil, S.A., Pawelec, G.<br/>Vaccines to Protect Older Adults against Pneumococcal Disease / van de Garde, M.D.B., M.J., Rots, N.Y., van Baarle, D., van Els, C.A.C.M.<br/>Herpes Zoster and Its Prevention by Vaccination / Johnson, R.W., Levin, M.J.<br/>Vaccination of Adults and the Older Population against Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis, and TickBorne Encephalitis: The Importance of Booster Vaccinations throughout Life / Weinberger, B.<br/>Vaccines for Older Travelers / Jilg, W.

::Contents##<br/>The History of Vaccine Challenges: Conquering Diseases, Plagued by Controversy / Laura A. Jana<br/>Vaccine Development and Safety / Avinash K. Shetty<br/>Known Vaccine-Associated Adverse Events / B. A. Pahud<br/>Communicating Vaccine Risks and Benefits / Clea Sarnquist<br/>Vaccine Refusal: Perspectives from Pediatrics / Kody Moffatt, Clancy McNally<br/>The Anti-vaccine Movement: A Pharmacist's View / Jeffery Goad<br/>Antivaccinationism: Parental Viewpoint / Anna M. Johnson<br/>The Vaccine Misinformation Landscape in Family Medicine / Donald B. Middleton<br/>Vaccines: Boon or Bane--A Nurse's Outlook / Catherine O'Keefe<br/>The Controversy That Will Not Go Away: Vaccines and Autism / Archana Chatterjee,<br/>Thimerosal and Other Vaccine Additives / James H. Conway<br/>Perceived Risks from Live Viral Vaccines / Alice Pong, Mark Sawyer<br/>Can Vaccines Cause Cancer? / Ann-Christine Nyquist<br/>Autoimmunity, Allergies, and Asthma: A Relationship to Vaccines? / Harold C. Delasalas<br/>The Role of Public Health Ethics in Vaccine Decision Making: Insights from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / Leonard Ortmann<br/>Alternative Schedules: Why Not? / Michael J. Smith<br/>Influenza Vaccines and Guillain Barré Syndrome / Nandini Bakshi, James J. Sejvar<br/>Can Vaccines Cause Chronic Diseases? / Ann-Christine Nyquist<br/>Kawasaki Disease and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Any Connection to Vaccination? / Kari Neemann<br/>Political and Legal Issues in Vaccination / Linda K. Ohri<br/>The Media's Role in Vaccine Misinformation / Paola Dees<br/>Vaccines and the Internet / David M. Berman<br/>An International Perspective on Vaccine Safety / Rajib Dasgupta<br/>An Infection Prevention Perspective on Immunizations / Sharon Plummer<br/>Insights from Public Health: A Framework for Understanding and Fostering Vaccine Acceptance / Glen J. Nowak, Kate LaVail.

::Contents##<br/>1. Introduction<br/>2. Discovery and validation of biomarkers based on computational models of normal and pathological hippocampal rhythms<br/>3. DCM conductance based models and clinical applications<br/>4. Computational models of closed-loop deep brain stimulation<br/>5. A multiscale "working brain" model<br/>6. How to render neural fields more realistic<br/>7. Multilevel computational modelling in epilepsy: classical studies and recent advances<br/>8. Computational modeling of neuronal dysfunction at molecular level validates the role of single neurons in circuit functions in cerebellum granular layer<br/>9. Modelling cortical and thalamocortical synaptic loss and compensation mechanism in Alzheimer's disease<br/>10. Toward networks from spikes<br/>11. Epileptogenic networks: applying network analysis techniques to human seizure activity<br/>Index.

::Contents##<br/>Introduction / Chantra Eskes, Maurice Whelan<br/>Validation in support of internationally harmonised OECD test guidelines for assessing the safety of chemicals / Anne Gourmelon, Nathalie Delrue<br/>Regulatory acceptance of alternative methods in the development and approval of pharmaceuticals / Sonja Beken, Peter Kasper, Jan-Willem van der Laan<br/>Validation of alternative in vitro methods to animal testing: concepts, challenges, processes and tools / Claudius Griesinger, Bertrand Desprez, Sandra Coecke, Warren Casey, Valérie Zuang<br/>Practical aspects of designing and conducting validation studies involving multi-study trials / Sandra Coecke [and others]<br/>Validation of computational methods / Grace Patlewicz, Andrew P. Worth, Nicholas Ball<br/>Implementation of new test methods into practical testing / Rodger D. Curren, Albrecht Poth, Hans A. Raabe<br/>Pathway based toxicology and fit-for-purpose assays / Rebecca A. Clewell [and others]<br/>Evidence-based toxicology / Sebastian Hoffmann, Thomas Hartung, Martin Stephens<br/>Validation of transcriptomics-based in vitro methods / Raffaella Corvi, Mireia Vilardell, Jiri Aubrecht, Aldert Piersma<br/>Ensuring the quality of stem cell-derived in vitro models for toxicity testing<br/>Glyn N. Stacey, Sandra Coecke, Anna-Bal Price, Lyn Healy, Paul Jennings, Anja Wilmes&<br/>Validation of bioreactor and human-on-a-chip devices for chemical safety assessment<br/>Sofia P. Rebelo [and others]<br/>Integrated approaches to testing and assessment / Andrew P. Worth, Grace Patlewicz<br/>International harmonization and cooperation in the validation of alternative methods / João Barroso [and others]<br/>Evolving the principles and practice of validation for new alternative approaches to toxicity testing / Maurice Whelan, Chantra Eskes.

::Contents##<br/>Intro<br/>Preface<br/>Contents<br/>Contributors<br/>1: Macro Trends in Healthcare Delivery<br/>The Spiraling Cost of Healthcare<br/>Models of Value-Based Reimbursement<br/>Accountable Care Organization (ACO)<br/>Bundled Payment of Care Improvement (BPCI)<br/>Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH)<br/>Summary of VBR Models<br/>Other Macroeconomic Trends<br/>Price Controls and Decreases in Reimbursement<br/>Consolidation<br/>New Technology<br/>Telehealth<br/>Smart Pharmaceuticals and Devices<br/>Genetics<br/>Wearable Devices<br/>Big Data and Artificial Intelligence<br/>Conclusion: Finding Signal in the Noise 3: The Bree Collaborative Bundle for Lumbar Fusion: Evolution of a Community Standard for Quality<br/>Identifying and Managing Uncomplicated Back Pain: The Spine Clinic<br/>Engagement with Employers and the Marketplace Collaborative Model<br/>Redesigning the Care Pathway for Uncomplicated Back Pain<br/>Improved Quality and Timeliness of Care for Uncomplicated Back Pain<br/>Financial Consequences for Providers<br/>Lessons Learned from Starbucks, the Marketplace Collaborative, and Spine Clinic<br/>Replicating the Spine Clinic Model<br/>Lessons Learned from Intel's Collaborative and the Spine Clinic Beyond Spine Clinic: Contributions from Spine Surgery and Orthopedics<br/>The Robert Bree Collaborative: Putting It All Together<br/>Bree Collaborative Work Group on Lumbar Fusion<br/>The Evidence Table<br/>Cycle One: Standards for Appropriateness for Lumbar Fusion<br/>Cycle Two: Fitness for Surgery<br/>Cycle Three: Best Practice Surgery<br/>Cycle Four: Rapid Return to Function<br/>The Multidisciplinary Conference<br/>The Personal Care Partner<br/>Quality Measures<br/>The Warranty Against Avoidable Remissions<br/>Response of Health-Care Stakeholders to Surgical Bundles<br/>Employers<br/>Health Plans Providers<br/>Summary<br/>References<br/>4: Multidisciplinary Evaluation Improves the Value of Lumbar Spine Care<br/>Multidisciplinary Conferences<br/>Multidisciplinary Clinics<br/>Discussion<br/>Conclusions<br/>References<br/>5: Using Lean Process Improvement to Enhance Safety and Value<br/>What Is Standard Work?<br/>The Toyota Production System and Its Application in Healthcare<br/>What Is the Virginia Mason Production System? How Does This System Root Out Variability?<br/>Cultural Aspects of Hierarchy in Medicine and Surgery (the Old Standard Way)

::Summary## This cutting-edge guide to value-based radiology provides readers with the latest information on all aspects of the subject. Healthcare delivery is experiencing a rapid transition towards a value-based model, the underlying idea being that providers are paid on the basis of patient's health outcomes rather than the total services delivered. Radiology departments are facing many challenges as they attempt to improve operational efficiency, performance, and quality in order to keep pace with this transition. In the first part of this book, readers will find information on the theoretical basis and general concepts of value-based radiology. The second part focuses on value-based practice in specific areas of radiology: neuro/head and neck, thoracic, abdominopelvic, musculoskeletal, breast, cardiovascular, and pediatric. All topics are discussed by prominent experts in a clearly organized and well-illustrated form that will help readers to gain the most from each chapter. The book will be a valuable resource for radiologists and healthcare managers working in public or private institutions, as well as an excellent quick reference guide for all other physicians interested in the topic.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Part I<br/>Theoretical Basis and General Concepts<br/>Value-Based Radiology<br/>A New Era Begins<br/>Patient-Centered Care<br/>The Radiology Consult<br/>Value-Based Management of Incidental Findings<br/>The Value in Artificial Intelligence<br/>The Value in 3D Printing<br/>Incentivizing Radiologists<br/>Part II<br/>Practical Applications in Specific Areas of Radiology<br/>Value-Based Radiology in Neuro/Head and Neck Imaging<br/>Value-Based Radiology in Thoracic Imaging<br/>Value-Based Radiology in Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging<br/>Value-Based Radiology in MSK Imaging<br/>Value-Based Radiology in Breast Imaging<br/>Value-Based Radiology in Pediatric Imaging<br/>Value-Based Radiology in Cardiovascular Imaging.

::Summary## This book traces the origins of value-based purchasing and current geriatric care models to deliver value in the broader healthcare system. The text focuses on the three goals that are expected to remain at the center of healthcare: improving access to healthcare via insurance coverage, improving the patient's experience and quality of care, and effectively managing healthcare costs. Chapters cover the quality indicators of care, drivers for improved outcomes, and models of care as seen in geriatrics as they can be expanded upon for the larger system. The text also discusses some of the most critical periods for aging patients and the ways that these lessons can inform the larger system. These topics include transitioning from the hospital to the home setting, collaborative care between geriatric workers, and staff training and the clinical needs for all changing demographics. As the healthcare system evolves and the population ages, Value Driven Healthcare and Geriatric Medicine proves to be a vital resource for geriatricians, primary care physicians, specialists who work with aging patients, hospital administrators, healthcare educators, healthcare organizations, and all medical professionals working with aging patients and patients affected by healthcare reform.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Preface<br/>Value-based healthcare transformation<br/>Quality indicators, outcomes, and performance pay<br/>Are the drivers of healthcare change changing healthcare outcomes?<br/>Value-based healthcare purchasing<br/>New models of healthcare delivery<br/>Educating new healthcare providers for the twenty-first century<br/>The primary care dilemma<br/>Transitions of care<br/>Dual-eligibles: challenges for Medicare and Medicaid coordination<br/>Through the looking glass: visions of the future of healthcare.

::Contents##<br/>Chapter 1. BCG: its impact on tuberculosis and relevance to autoimmune disease<br/>Chapter 2. The potential of TNF induction from BCG for the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes<br/>Chapter 3. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine in neuroinflammation<br/>Chapter 4. Host epigenetic modifications in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a boon or bane<br/>Chapter 5. Mycobacterium Bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination: can biomarkers predict efficacy?<br/>Chapter 6. The heterologous effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and trained innate immunity<br/>Chapter 7. Nonspecific effects of neonatal Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination-- from West African observations to a Danish randomized clinical trial<br/>Chapter 8. Epigenetic rewiring of monocytes in BCG vaccination<br/>Chapter 9. Mycobacteria, immunoregulation, and autoimmunity<br/>Chapter 10. mTORC1 links cellular metabolism and immune functions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and BCG vaccination<br/>Chapter 11. The role of maternal priming and boosting for the nonspecific effects of BCG vaccine<br/>Index.

::Contents##<br/>Part I. The foundations of systems and complexity medicine<br/>1. Heath and disease as emergent processes<br/>2. The technological advances behind systems medicine<br/>3. Individualized care<br/>today and tomorrow<br/>Part II. The complexity of common diseases<br/>4. Multi-organ physiology<br/>5. Infectious diseases<br/>6. Cancer<br/>7. Heart disease, diabetes and obesity<br/>8. Neurodegenerative diseases<br/>9. Multi-morbidity<br/>Part III. Ethics and Education<br/>the Challenges for Systems-based Medicine<br/>10. Learning to cope in a complex adaptive environment<br/>11. Regulatory and legal challenges<br/>12. Ethical implication of systems medicine<br/>Part IV. Change in an Adaptive Organization<br/>13. The dynamics of change<br/>14. Flexible interdisciplinary teams<br/>15. Health care<br/>a whole of society perspective.

::Summary## A vital text for every aspiring and practicing clinician in relevant fields, this user-friendly guide to valvular heart disease includes diagnostic tables, guidance on the treatment of a range of conditions, and access to a range of additional video material.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Valvular Heart Disease: Pathological Anatomy and Pathogenesis<br/>Acute Rheumatic Fever<br/>Infective Endocarditis<br/>Inflammation Injury and Selected Disease Processes Causing Aortic Root and Aortic Valvular Inflammation<br/>Comprehensive Approach to Aortic Valve Disease<br/>Comprehensive Assessment of Primary Mitral Valve Disease: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Medical and Surgical Therapy<br/>Secondary Mitral Regurgitation<br/>Innovative Approaches to Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement<br/>Tricuspid, Pulmonic and Mixed Valve Disease<br/>Trans-Catheter Aortic Valve Replacement<br/>Valve Prosthesis<br/>Heart Disease in Pregnancy<br/>Evidenced-Based and Practical Management of Real-World Valvular Heart Disease.

::Contents##<br/>Front Cover<br/>Inside front cover<br/>Front Matter<br/>Valvular Heart Disease A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease FIFTH EDITION<br/>Copyright<br/>Contributors<br/>Foreword<br/>Preface<br/>Acknowledgments<br/>Braunwald's heart disease family of books<br/>Table of Contents<br/>1 Epidemiology of valvular heart disease<br/>Key points<br/>Incidence and prevalence of valve disease<br/>Valve disease in industrially underdeveloped areas<br/>Incidence of rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic disease<br/>Prevalence of rheumatic disease<br/>Valve disease in industrially developed areas<br/>Causes of valve disease Rheumatic fever<br/>Endomyocardial fibrosis<br/>Calcific aortic stenosis<br/>Mitral prolapse<br/>Secondary mitral regurgitation<br/>Secondary aortic regurgitation resulting from aortic dilation<br/>Secondary tricuspid regurgitation<br/>Infective endocarditis<br/>Replacement heart valves<br/>Congenital conditions<br/>Systemic inflammatory conditions<br/>Carcinoid, drugs, and radiation<br/>Carcinoid<br/>Drugs<br/>Radiation<br/>Disease by valve type<br/>Aortic stenosis and regurgitation<br/>Mitral stenosis<br/>Mitral regurgitation<br/>Right-sided valve disease<br/>Tricuspid valve disease<br/>Pulmonary valve disease Multiple valve disease<br/>Conclusions<br/>References<br/>2 Three-dimensional anatomy of the aortic and mitral valves<br/>Key points<br/>Mitral valve<br/>Mitral valve anatomy<br/>Mitral valve annulus<br/>Mitral valve leaflets<br/>Mitral valve commissures<br/>Mitral valve chordae<br/>Papillary muscles<br/>3DE and mitral valve apparatus<br/>3DE imaging<br/>Image acquisition<br/>Image display<br/>3DE mechanisms of mitral valve dysfunction<br/>Degenerative mitral valve disease<br/>Ischemic mitral regurgitation<br/>Mitral leaflet tethering in ischemic mitral regurgitation. Mitral valve annulus in ischemic mitral regurgitation.<br/>Leaflet growth in ischemic mitral regurgitation.<br/>Treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation.<br/>3DE quantification of mitral regurgitation<br/>3D vena contracta area<br/>3D proximal isovelocity surface area<br/>3D anatomic regurgitant orifice area<br/>3D mitral inflow and left ventricular outflow tract stroke volume<br/>Limitations of 3D-derived quantitative measurements for mitral regurgitation<br/>Mitral stenosis<br/>Aortic valve<br/>Aortic valve anatomy<br/>Aortic valve cusps<br/>Aortic valve annulus<br/>Aortic root complex Aortic valve physiology<br/>3DE imaging<br/>Image acquisition<br/>Image display<br/>Roles for 3DE<br/>Aortic valve anatomy<br/>Native valves.<br/>Prosthetic valves.<br/>Endocarditis.<br/>Aortic stenosis assessment<br/>Left ventricular outflow tract.<br/>Stroke volume quantification.<br/>Aortic valve planimetry.<br/>Transcatheter aortic valve replacement<br/>Preprocedure: Aortic root assessment.<br/>Periprocedure.<br/>Postprocedure.<br/>Aortic regurgitation assessment<br/>Classification.<br/>Vena contracta.<br/>Stroke volume.<br/>Aortic-mitral valve interactions<br/>Conclusions<br/>References

::Summary## This book serves as the go-to resource for cardiovascular nurses and other health care practitioners involved in the care of patients with acquired valvular heart disease. It includes unique information about heart valve anatomy and pathophysiology, the complexity of clinical presentations and diagnostic evaluation, patient education and shared decision-making, surgical and transcatheter treatment options, and transition to palliative care. The content focuses primarily on the specialized care of patients with aortic stenosis and regurgitation, and mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. In addition, this unique resource provides timely information to guide a patient-centred and team-driven approach that reflects contemporary and innovative practice in the management of valvular heart disease. The essential topics of strengthening the multidisciplinary Heart Team and programmatic processes of care, the priorities for nursing care, and the multifactorial challenges of managing this complex patient population are explored in detail. Importantly, this resource aims to support all clinicians who are involved in the various timepoints of patients full trajectory of care, from their evaluation pathway, admissions for treatment, and long term follow-up. Clinicians require contemporary knowledge and evidence to guide their practice, provide appropriate care for this complex patient population, and contribute to the advancement of practice. To date, there has been little emphasis placed on the management of valvular heart disease in cardiovascular nursing and allied health curriculum. This book fills this gap and addresses the pressing need for a user-friendly resource to guide the care for this growing population in a rapidly changing clinical environment. The editors are international leaders in the care and management of patients with acquired valvular heart disease and program development. They are widely recognized for their pioneering role in shaping the way we care for these patients.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Chapter 1: Introduction and Objectives<br/>Section 1: Understanding Valvular Heart Disease<br/>Chapter 2: Overview of Patient Population<br/>Chapter 3: Pathophysiology of Valvular Heart Disease<br/>Section 2: Valvular Heart Disease Program Structure<br/>Chapter 4: The Multidisciplinary Heart Team Approach<br/>Chapter 5:Processes of Care for Valvular Heart Disease Programs<br/>Section 3: Assessing Valvular Heart Disease<br/>Chapter 6: Clinical Assessment<br/>Chapter 7: Imaging Modalities<br/>Chapter 8: Understanding Function, Frailty and Self-Reported Health Status<br/>Chapter 9: Making a High Quality Treatment Decision: Shared Decision-Making<br/>Section 4: Treatment Options for Valvular Heart Disease and Implications for Nursing<br/>Chapter 10: Surgical Treatment<br/>Chapter 11: Transcatheter Treatment<br/>Section 5: Nursing Care Priorities Valvular Heart Disease<br/>Chapter 12: Safe Recovery after Valvular Heart Surgery<br/>Chapter 13: Safe Recovery after Transcatheter Heart Valve Procedures<br/>Chapter 14:Transitions of Care and Long Term Follow-Up after Heart Valve Surgery and Transcatheter Procedures<br/>Chapter 15: Conclusion: The Next Decade of Treating Valvular Heart Disease An Opportunity for Nursing Leadership.

::Contents##<br/>Renal functions, basic processes and anatomy<br/>Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration<br/>Clearance<br/>Basic transport mechanisms<br/>Renal handling of organic substances<br/>Basic renal processes for sodium, chloride, and water<br/>Regulation of sodium and water excretion<br/>Regulation of potassium balance<br/>Regulation of acid-base balance<br/>Regulation of calcium, magnesium and phosphate.

::Contents##<br/>Renal functions, basic processes, and anatomy<br/>Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration<br/>Clearance and measures of renal function<br/>Basic transport mechanisms<br/>Renal handling of organic solutes<br/>Basic renal processes for sodium, chloride, and water<br/>Regulation of sodium and water excretion<br/>Regulation of potassium balance<br/>Regulation of acid-base balance<br/>Regulation of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate.

::Summary## The Vanderbilt Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Curriculum is a comprehensive, case-based curriculum for the care of adults and children in the outpatient setting. This related tool allows users to create random or custom topical study quizes.

::Summary## "The Vignes twin sisters will always be identical. But after growing up together in a small, southern black community and running away at age sixteen, it's not just the shape of their daily lives that is different as adults, it's everything: their families, their communities, their racial identities. Ten years later, one sister lives with her black daughter in the same southern town she once tried to escape. The other secretly passes for white, and her white husband knows nothing of her past. Still, even separated by so many miles and just as many lies, the fates of the twins remain intertwined. What will happen to the next generation, when their own daughters' storylines intersect? Weaving together multiple strands and generations of this family, from the Deep South to California, from the 1950s to the 1990s, Brit Bennett produces a story that is at once a riveting, emotional family story and a brilliant exploration of the American history of passing. Looking well beyond issues of race, The Vanishing Half considers the lasting influence of the past as it shapes a person's decisions, desires, and expectations, and explores some of the multiple reasons and realms in which people sometimes feel pulled to live as something other than their origins. As with her New York Times-bestselling debut The Mothers, Brit Bennett offers an engrossing page-turner about family and relationships that is immersive and provocative, compassionate and wise"-- Provided by publisher.

::Summary## This book discusses the management of variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis, covering a wide range of topics, including epidemiology, mechanism, diagnosis and monitoring, prophylaxis, treatment, and prognostic assessment. It also presents the latest research in the field, such as non-invasive approaches, self-expanding metal stents, hemostatic powder, and early TIPS. The book is a valuable resource for physicians wanting to establish standard treatment strategies, researchers launching innovative clinical and experimental studies, and also for patients and their relatives wishing to gain a better understanding of this disease.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Epidemiology of Varices and Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Mechanisms of Varices and Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Diagnosis and Surveillance of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Role of Etiological Therapy in Management of Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Management of Acute Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Primary Prophylaxis of Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Secondary Prophylaxis of Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Ectopic Varices in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Prognostic Assessment of Variceal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis<br/>Future Direction.

::Summary## This unique textbook - the first of its kind - presents a thoughtful and comprehensive discussion of the significance of varicocele and its impact on male fertility. This hot topic is covered from a multitude of angles in seven thematic sections: origin and pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, medical and surgical therapy, controversies, pro and con debates, and clinical case scenarios. The scope of varicocele includes basic and transitional research, genetics, diagnostic testing with conventional and advanced molecular biology approaches, hormonal control, interventional therapy and assisted reproductive technology (ART). Repair of varicocele, which can be carried out by various methods, not only alleviates oxidative stress-associated infertility but also prevents and protects against the progressive character of varicocele and its consequent upregulations of systemic oxidative stress. Even with the advances in the understanding of this intriguing disease and consensus on some areas such as diagnosis and pathophysiology, substantial controversy still exists, in particular concerning the benefits of treatment and to whom treatment should be offered. Additional chapters discuss, in depth, such controversies surrounding the role of varicocele in male infertility and present clinical case scenarios dealing with management of subclinical and clinical varicocele. A series of editorial comments is provided by the editors at the end of selected chapters, containing an objective and concise summary of the information from each chapter. In addition, chapters open up with key points for quick references and conclude with multiple choice questions and answers for immediate review and retention of the rich content. Generously illustrated, Varicocele and Male Infertility: A Complete Guide represents an invaluable tool for medical students in reproductive medicine as well as researchers and clinicians working in the field of infertility (e.g., urologists, gynecologists, re productive endocrinologists, and embryologists) and is comprised of chapters written by leading and internationally recognized clinicians and scientists with expertise in varicocele, skillfully edited by leaders in the field.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Cele<br/>Adult varicocele diagnosis and treatment<br/>Pediatric and adolescent varicocele diagnosis and treatment<br/>Sperm DNA fragmentation testing and varicocele<br/>Grade of evidence on varicocele treatment<br/>A 'Strengths-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis of varicocele-related infertility and its diagnosis and management le<br/>Is varicocele a bilateral disease?- Why is subclinical varicocele considered a different entity?- Why is it that not all men with varicocele are infertile?- Is there a role for testicular biopsy in men with varicocele?- Should bilateral varicocele repair be recommended in cases of a clinical varicocele and contralateral subclinical varicocele?- Is there any role for intraoperative ultrasound during varicocele repair?- Is there any role for indocyanine green angiography in testicular artery preservation during microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy?- Should a varicocele be repaired before assisted reproductive technology treatment?- Should a varicocele be repaired in non-infertile patients with hypogonadism?- What should be the ideal control group in clinical trials investigating the role of varicocele and its treatment on fertility outcomes?- Part V: Debate (Pro and Con) over Varicocele<br/>Should SDF testing be used in men with varicocele?- Should varicocele be repaired before ART?- Should varicocele be repaired in azoospermic infertile men?- Should varicocele be managed surgically or radiographically?- Part VI: Clinical Case Scenarios Involving Varicocele<br/>Grade 1 varicocele and borderline/normal conventional semen analysis<br/>Grades 2/3 varicocele and normal conventional semen analysis<br/>Clinical varicocele and severely abnormal semen analysis in a couple considering ART whose female partner is over 36 years old<br/>Asymptomatic male with left grade 3 varicocele and 2 children desiring vasectomy with low testosterone<br/>Symptomatic male with subclinical varicocele found on ultrasound evaluation<br/>Recurrent grade 2/3 varicocele after microsurgical varicocelectomy and abnormal semen parameters in a couple attempting conception for>3 years<br/>Grade 2/3 varicocele in a 15-year-old healthy boy with normal testis volume (and normal semen analysis) with a history of varicocele and infertility in his father<br/>Part VII: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Varico.

::Contents##<br/>Anatomy / Felipe B. Collares<br/>Pathophysiology of varicose veins / Amy R. Deipolyi and Gloria M. Martinez Salazar<br/>Clinical exam / Michael G. Johnson, Jr., Igor Rafael Sincos, and Felipe B. Collares<br/>Imaging / Cyrillo R. Araujo, Jr. and Felipe B. Collares<br/>Compression therapy / Erica A. Gupta, Raphael J. Yoo, Carlos Alberto M. Carvalho, and Felipe B. Collares<br/>Endovenous thermal ablation / Amy R. Deipolyi, Gloria M. Martinez Salazar, Felipe B. Collares<br/>Sclerotherapy / Ian M. Brennan<br/>Ambulatory phlebectomy / Indravadan J. Patel and Suvranu Ganguli<br/>Safety, quality, and complications / Ann L. Brown, Lauren Ferrara, and Felipe B. Collares<br/>New endovascular techniques / Edward H. Ahn and Felipe B. Collares.

::Summary## This is a practical guide to pediatric vascular access. It covers how to use ultrasound appropriately, how to prevent and manage early and late complications, and how to correctly place the catheter tip using ECG or radiology. It includes all the most modern approaches and devices. In particular, the best approach for some specific populations is covered, including neonates and infants, complex patients, and children with cancer or renal failure requiring long term treatments. A guide on how to establish a vascular access team in a pediatric hospital is included, including the costs and benefits of having this hospital-based team. Vascular Access in Neonates and Children is aimed at pediatric anesthesists and surgeons, and radiologists, pediatricians and other specialities may also find it of interest.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Part 1: General considerations on venous access in neonates and children<br/>Chapter 1: Vascular access in pediatric patients: classification and indications<br/>Chapter 2: Evidence based rationale for ultrasound guided vascular access in children<br/>Chapter 3: Principles of ultrasonography and settings of ultrasound devices for children<br/>Chapter 4: Ultrasound anatomy of arterial and deep veins of the limb and the cervico-thoracic region in children<br/>Chapter 5: Near-InfraRed technology for access to superficial veins: evidence from the literature and indications for pediatric venous access<br/>Chapter 6: Tip navigation and tip location methods<br/>Chapter 7: Chest ultrasound for early diagnosis of complications<br/>Chapter 8: Technique and devices for securement of the catheter and protection of the exit site<br/>Part 2: Venous access in neonates<br/>Chapter 9: Peripheral venous access in neonates<br/>Chapter 10: Umbilical venous catheters<br/>Chapter 11: Epicutaneo-cava catheters<br/>Chapter 12: Ultrasound guided venous access in neonates<br/>Part 3: Venous access in children<br/>Chapter 13: Peripheral venous access: short cannulas, mini-midlines, midlines<br/>Chapter 14: Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC) in children<br/>Chapter 15: Centrally and Femorally Inserted Central Catheters (CICC and FICC) in children<br/>Chapter 16: Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices<br/>Part 4: Arterial access<br/>Chapter 17: Umbilical arterial catheters<br/>Chapter 18: Peripheral arterial lines<br/>Part 5: Special considerations in pediatric vascular access<br/>Chapter 19: Access for dialysis and apheresis<br/>Chapter 20: Intraosseous Access<br/>Chapter 21: Prevention and treatment of catheter-related complications<br/>Chapter 22: Compatibility of drugs<br/>Chapter 23: Organization of a hospital-based Vascular Access Team<br/>Chapter 24: Special problems of venous access in intensive care and emergency<br/>Chapter 25: Special problems of venous access in oncology and hematology<br/>Chapter 26: Special problems of venous access in parenteral nutrition<br/>Chapter 27: Sedation and general anesthesia for vascular access in children.

::Summary## "Vascular and Endovascular Surgery meets the needs of surgeons in higher training and practising consultants for a contemporary and evidence-based account of this sub-specialty that is relevant to their general surgical practice. It is a practical reference source incorporating the most current information on recent developments, management issues and operative procedures. The text is thoroughly referenced and supported by evidence-based recommendations wherever possible, distinguishing between strong evidence to support a conclusion, and evidence suggesting that a recommendation can be reached on the balance of probabilities"--Publisher's description.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Epidemiological risk factors for PAD, risk stratification and risk factor management<br/>Assessment of chronic lower limb ischaemia<br/>Medical treatment of chronic lower limb ischemia<br/>Intervention for chronic lower limb ischaemia<br/>The diabetic foot<br/>Amputation, rehabilitation and prosthetic developments<br/>Revision vascular surgery<br/>Management of acute lower limb ischaemia<br/>Vascular trauma<br/>Extracranial cerebrovascular disease<br/>Vascular disorders of the upper limb<br/>Primary and secondary vasospastic disorders (Raynaud's phenomenon) and vasculitis<br/>Peripheral and abdominal aortic aneurysms<br/>Thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aortic disease<br/>Disorders of the renal and mesenteric circulation<br/>Central venous and dialysis access<br/>Varicose veins<br/>Chronic leg swelling<br/>The acutely swollen leg<br/>Vascular anomalies.

::Contents##<br/>Vascular Pathology<br/>Fundamentals of Angiography<br/>Noninvasive Vascular Imaging<br/>Vascular Interventions<br/>Carotid and Vertebral Arteries<br/>Upper Extremity Arteries<br/>Upper Extremity, Neck, and Central Thoracic Veins<br/>Pulmonary Circulation<br/>Thoracic Aorta<br/>Abdominal Aorta and Pelvic Arteries<br/>Visceral Arteries<br/>Renal Arteries<br/>Inferior Vena Cava and Tributaries<br/>Portal and Hepatic Veins<br/>Lower-Extremity Arteries<br/>Lower-Extremity Veins<br/>Image-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy<br/>Percutaneous Abscess and Fluid Drainage<br/>Gastrointestinal Tract Intervention<br/>Biliary Intervention<br/>Gallbladder Intervention<br/>Percutaneous Genitourinary Intervention<br/>Image-Guided Breast Intervention<br/>Musculoskeletal Intervention<br/>Image-Guided Tumor Ablation: Basic Principles<br/>Image-Guided Ablation of Renal Tumors<br/>Image-Guided Ablation as a Treatment Option for Thoracic Malignancies<br/>Image-Guided Ablation of Liver Tumors.

::Summary## "The first ABR core examination was administered in October 2013 to third year radiology residents. This core examination, which is one component toward obtaining board certification in diagnostic radiology, tests knowledge and comprehension in 18 categories, all of which must be passed. The categories are: breast, cardiac, gastrointestinal, interventional, musculoskeletal, neuroradiology, nuclear, pediatrics, reproductive/endocrinology, thoracic, urinary, vascular, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, radiography/fluoroscopy, ultrasound, physics, and safety. The core exam will have approximately 660 questions and consist of approximately 60 questions from each category (except physics will have 110 questions). The exam is to be an "image-rich", computer-based exam with multiple-choice, extended answer, and blocked return type questions. The Core Review Series will be the first and only reference specifically designed for this new exam. Each title will consist of approximately 300 questions, in a format similar to the exam with image-rich MCQs. Answers to the questions will be discussed in a concise manner along with explanations of each choice followed by relevant references. Vascular and Interventional Radiology: A Core Review will include high quality angiographic, fluoroscopic, CT, MRI, and ultrasound images that demonstrate the broad range of clinical entities encountered in the field. Answers to the questions will be discussed in a concise manner with brief discussion of the clinical pearls and rationale behind the correct answer. Literature references will be provided for each question so the reader will know where to go for further reading on the subject"--Provided by publisher.

::Summary## This volume is a practical resource for the diagnosis and multi-disciplinary management of patients with vascular anomalies. Although designed by and for hematologists and oncologists, this text also assists clinicians in many specialties with appropriate nomenclature, diagnosis, and management of the heterogeneous disorders considered as vascular anomalies, including kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, capillary malformations, venous malformations, lymphatic anomalies, and arteriovenous malformation. The book features full-color clinical photographs and diagnostic imaging to enrich descriptions of these conditions and to ensure accurate diagnosis for appropriate management recommendations. Written by experts in their fields, Vascular Anomalies: A Guide for the Hematologist/Oncologistis a valuable resource for clinicians treating and researchers studying patients with vascular anomalies.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Nomenclature of Vascular Anomalies: Evolution to the ISSVA 2018 Classification System<br/>Diagnosis of Vascular Anomalies<br/>The Genetic Basis of Vascular Anomalies<br/>Sirolimus for the Treatment of Vascular Anomalies<br/>Infantile and Congenital Hemangiomas: Natural History, Complications, and When and How to Treat<br/>Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma and Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon: Management of Coagulopathy and Treatment Options<br/>Rare Vascular Tumors<br/>Capillary Malformations and Associated Syndromes<br/>Venous Malformations and Associated Syndromes: Diagnosis and Management<br/>Lymphatic Anomalies<br/>Arteriovenous Malformation<br/>Overgrowth Syndromes Associated with Vascular Anomalies<br/>Hemostasis/Thrombosis Considerations in Vascular Anomalies<br/>Practice Considerations for the Hematologist/Oncologist in Vascular Anomalies Clinics.

::Summary## Vascular anomalies are common lesions affecting at least five percent of the population. Patients often require multidisciplinary care and are familiar to most medical and surgical specialties. Vascular Anomalies: Classification, Diagnosis, and Management is a clinically oriented manual that can be used for patient care, teaching, or research. The book covers the entire field of vascular anomalies, including infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, kaposiform hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, rare vascular tumors, capillary malformation, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, lymphedema, and arteriovenous malformations, as well as overgrowth syndromes.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Introduction<br/>Classification and terminology<br/>Infantile hemangioma<br/>Congenital hemangioma<br/>Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma<br/>Pyogenic granuloma<br/>Rare vascular tumors<br/>Capillary malformation<br/>Lymphatic malformation<br/>Primary lymphedema<br/>Venous malformation<br/>Arteriovenous malformation<br/>Vascular malformation overgrowth syndromes<br/>Diagnosis and management.

::Summary## The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Proper vascular development in the placenta is fundamental to ensuring a healthy fetus and successful pregnancy. This book provides an up-to-date summary and synthesis of knowledge regarding placental vascular biology and discusses the relevance of this vascular bed to the functions of the human placenta.<br/>::Contents##<br/>1. Introduction<br/>2. Placental blood circulation<br/>3. Structure of the placenta<br/>4. Cell types of the placenta<br/>5. Oxygen tension and placental vascular development<br/>6. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis of human placenta<br/>7. Angiogenic factors<br/>8. Vasoactivators and placental vasoactivity<br/>9. Trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles<br/>10. Placenta-derived microRNAs and immune response in pregnancy<br/>11. Lymphatic phenotypic characteristics of the human placenta<br/>12. Placental tissue and cord bood stem cells<br/>13. Summary<br/>Acknowledgments<br/>References<br/>Author biography.

::Summary## "Vascular injury is the most significant source of morbidity or mortality during skull base surgery, regardless of the surgical approach. While skull base approaches always placed arteries and veins at risk, newer endoscopic endonasal approaches have introduced new challenges for the prevention and management of vascular injury. Greater anatomic knowledge, additional surgical options, improved instrumentation, advances in interventional neuroradiology, and enhanced training all contribute to successful outcomes. Vascular Challenges in Skull Base Surgery by renowned skull base experts Paul A. Gardner, Carl H. Snyderman, Brian T. Jankowitz, and distinguished contributors, fills a gap in the literature, with invaluable guidance on managing rare but potentially catastrophic surgical complications. The full range of surgical approaches to the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae are covered in 22 chapters. Diverse topics encompass open and endoscopic endonasal surgical approaches, endovascular techniques including balloon test occlusion and embolization, and standard and alternative bypass procedures. The last three chapters discuss venous considerations, neurophysiologic monitoring, and the role of training and simulation in vascular injury prevention. Key learning points, illustrated discussion of relevant anatomy, and tips and tricks are targeted at helping skull base surgeons leverage practical strategies to improve patient outcomes"-- Provided by publisher.

::Summary## The concept for this book evolved over many years of intense clinical practice during which a wide variety of vascular complications were encountered as a result of other surgical or interventional procedures. In this book, the authors describe cohesive efforts by experts in the field as they commit to advancing health care quality by all professionals. It should be noted at the outset that the book does not discuss various non-vascular or systemic complications of patients undergoing vascular interventions such as myocardial infarction, renal or respiratory failure. Instead, the content is divided into four separate sections. The material begins with an introduction to vascular anatomy and function. There follows a section addressing specific complications of the vascular system that can occur in any patient, sometimes even without intervention. The third section addresses complications specific to interventions and surgical procedures. The final section is dedicated to the delayed and long-term sequelae attributable to the most commonly encountered vascular complications. Vascular Complications of Surgery and Intervention: A Practical Guide is targeted towards dedicated health care professionals managing patients affected by inadvertent but potentially disastrous vascular complications and for those practitioners performing interventions either directly upon the vascular system or procedures that have potential for collateral impact.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Part 1. General Principles<br/>1. Regional Vascular Anatomy<br/>2. Impact of Hemorrhage, Thrombosis, and Ischemia<br/>3. Principles of Vascular Imaging<br/>Part 2. Perioperative<br/>4. Perioperative Venous Thromboembolism<br/>5. Postoperative Spinal Cord Ischemia and Stroke<br/>6. Arterial Thromboembolic Complications<br/>7. Vascular Injuries in Children<br/>Part 3. Operation and Intervention<br/>8. Principles of Vascular access and complications<br/>9. Procedural Checklist/ Situational Awareness<br/>10. Management of Iatrogenic Abdominal Vascular Injuries<br/>11. Inadvertent Ischemia Occurring with Abdominal Surgery<br/>12. Vascular Injury During Spine Surgery<br/>13. Vascular Complications Associated with the Cardiac Patient<br/>14. Vascular Insult of the Operated Extremity<br/>15. Interventional Alternatives for Vascular Injury<br/>Part 4. Delayed<br/>16. Dreaded Late Complications: Infection, blowout, pseudoaneurysm, fistula<br/>17. Considerations for Surgery in Hostile Zones<br/>18. Medical and Legal Implications of Failure to Rescue.

::Contents##<br/><br/>v. 1. Cerebral and peripheral vessels.

::Summary## The book is intended as a guide for molecular biology students, equipping them to successfully study plants. It pursues a holistic approach, viewing the whole plant as an integrated operating organism, and is written in a straightforward manner, making it appealing to anyone interested in plants. Further, it reflects the latest findings for scientists and students in the fields of plant sciences, biology, agriculture, forestry, ecology, vascular medicine and cancer, discussing e.g. how hormonal signals induce and regulate simple and complex patterns in plants vascular tissues, their adaptation and evolution; written by a world-renowned expert who has worked in the field for 50 years; covers the field from the initial studies conducted more than a century ago up to recent studies with up-to-date explanations; describes in details the structure, development, physiology and basic molecular biology of plants' vascular tissues, their function, regeneration and environmental adaptation; explores the controlling mechanisms of plant vascular differentiation by continuously moving hormonal signals and their precursors; discusses the regulation of stem cells and cambium, control of gradients in vascular cell size along the plant, juvenile-adult transition and rejuvenation, grafting, mechanisms of recovery from bending by reaction wood, evolution of vessels and fibers from tracheids, regulation of ring-porous wood evolution, protecting mechanisms against insects and pathogens, parasitism, plant cancer, and more; helps readers understand the scope and breadth of plant vascular systems in 20 detailed, high-quality chapters; includes a wealth of outstanding original color photographs and illustrations documenting the formation of vascular tissues; provides an in-depth understanding of plant biology by studying their vascular tissues.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Introduction<br/>Structure, Development and Patterns of Primary, Secondary and Regenerative Vascular Tissues<br/>The Hormonal Signals that Regulate Plant Vascular Differentiation<br/>Importance of NO₃- and PO₄- for Development, Differentiation and Competition<br/>Phloem and Xylem Differentiation<br/>Apical Dominance and Vascularization<br/>Leaf Development and Vascular Differentiation<br/>Flower Biology and Vascular Differentiation<br/>Can a Differentiating Vessel Induce Lateral Root Initiation?<br/>Vascular Regeneration and Grafting<br/>Regulation of Cambium Activity<br/>Regulation of Juvenile-Adult Transition and Rejuvenation<br/>The Control of Tracheid Size, Vessel Widening and Density along the Plant Axis<br/>Circular Vascular Tissues, Vessel Endings and Tracheids in Organ Junctions<br/>Ray Differentiation: the Radial Pathways<br/>Environmental Adaptation of Vascular Tissues<br/>Resin Glands and Traumatic Duct Formation in Conifers<br/>Hormonal Control of Reaction Wood Formation<br/>Hormonal Control of Wood Evolution<br/>How Vascular Differentiation in Hosts Is Regulated by Parasitic Plants and Gall-Inducing Insects<br/>Cancer and Vascular Differentiation.

::Contents##<br/>Screening for vascular pathology: current guidelines and recommendations<br/>Preoperative optimization of the elderly patient prior to vascular surgery --Anesthetic considerations for elderly patients undergoing vascular surgery<br/>Deep vain thrombosis in the elderly<br/>Management of chronic venous disease and varicose veins in the elderly<br/>Cerebrovascular disease in the elderly<br/>Aortic aneurysm disease in the elderly<br/>Peripheral arterial disease in the elderly<br/>Renal failure in the elderly<br/>Ethical considerations.

::Summary## This book provides a comprehensive account on individually rare, but collectively frequent diseases of the liver. In the first part, conditions such as hepatic vascular malformations, ischemic cholangiopathy, hepatic artery occlusion, sinusoidal conditions and Budd-Chiari syndrome are discussed among others. The second part examines the causes of vascular liver disease namely, coagulation disorders, neoplasm disorders, non-malignant blood disorders, systemic diseases and toxins, among others. The unique expertise of the authors, who are all members of the Vascular Liver Disease Disorders Group, an independent network of researchers with a common interest in Vascular Liver Diseases, are merged for an optimal pragmatic and individualized approach. This book is of interest to a broad range of experts, such as hepatologists, internists, radiologists and angiologists.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Section 1-Vascular Disorders of the Liver and Their Management<br/>Role of liver biopsy in the study of vascular disorders of the Liver<br/>Role of imaging in the study of vascular disorders of the Liver<br/>Hepatic artery occlusion and ischemic cholangiopathy<br/>Other disorders of hepatic arteries (aneurysms, arterioportal fistulas)<br/>Hepatic vascular malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia<br/>Congenital portosystemic shunts – Abernethy malformation<br/>Budd-Chiari syndrome - Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction<br/>Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction – Portal vein thrombosis and portal cavernoma in the absence of cirrhosis<br/>Portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis<br/>Portal-sinusoidal disease<br/>Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/Hepatic veno-occlusive disease<br/>Sinusoidal dilatation/Peliosis<br/>Hypoxic hepatitis<br/>Congestive cardiac hepatopathy<br/>Regenerative nodules and liver tumors in vascular liver diseases<br/>Pregnancies and contraception in patients with vascular liver diseases<br/>Antithrombotic therapy and liver disease (including thrombolysis, DOACS)<br/>Section 2- Causes for Vascular Disorders of the Liver<br/>Coagulation disorders and the liver (including DIC and related conditions such as HELLP/preeclampsia)<br/>Hematologic and non-hematologic neoplasm disorders affecting liver vessels (microscopic or gross invasion, including alveolar echinococcosis)<br/>Non-malignant blood disorders affecting liver vessels (sickle cell disease, hemophagocytic syndrome, primary immune deficiency syndromes, HIV infection, etc.)<br/>Systemic diseases affecting liver vessels (periarteritis nodosa, Behcet’s disease, systemic lupus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, diabetes)<br/>Drugs and toxins affecting liver vessels<br/>The Fontan circulation and the liver.

::Contents##<br/>Chapter 1 Introduction<br/>Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Vascular Bio-fluid and Solid Mechanics<br/>Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Physiology and Biology of Vascular System<br/>Chapter 4 Hemodynamics in Physio- and Pathological Vessels<br/>Chapter 5 Cyclic Stretch-Induced Reorganization of Stress Fibers in Endothelial Cells<br/>Chapter 6 Mechanical Characterization of Vascular Endothelial Cells Exposed to Fluid Shear Stress<br/>Chapter 7 Tensile Properties of Smooth Muscle Cells, Elastin, and Collagen Fibers<br/>Chapter 8 Mechanobiology of Endothelial Cells Related to the Formation of Arterial Disease<br/>Chapter9 Mechanotransduction of Shear Stress by the Endothelium<br/>Chapter 10 Mechanobiology of Endothelial Cells Related to the Pathogenesis of Arterial Disease<br/>Chapter 11 Vascular Engineering of Blood Coagulation<br/>Chapter 12 Vascular Engine ering to Make Blood-Compatible Surface<br/>Chapter 13 Vascular Engineering of Circulatory Assist Devices<br/>Chapter 14 Innovations in Measuring Cellular Mechanics<br/>Chapter 15 Innovation of Vascular Engineering by Mechano-medicine<br/>Chapter 16 Integrated Vascular Engineering: Vascularization of Reconstructed Tissue<br/>Chapter 17 Novel Technology to Assay the Multicellular Network: On-Chip Cellomics Technology.-.

::Contents##<br/>Basic principles of UVI / Ana Maria Braz and Jaime Leal Pamplona<br/>Clinical applications of UVI / Ana Maria Braz, Maria Madalena Patricio, and Joana Ramalho<br/>Novel applications of UVI / Elsa Azevedo and Pedro Castro<br/>Basic principles of CTA / Margareth Kimura and Mauricio Castillo<br/>Intracranial CTA / Isabel R. Fragata and Joana Ramalho<br/>Extra-cranial CTA / Tiago Baptista and João Lopes Reis<br/>Basic principles of time-of- flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) and MRV (2D and 3D) / Hugo A. Ferreira and Joana Ramalho<br/>Basic principles of phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PC MRA) and MRV / Hugo A. Ferreira and Joana Ramalho<br/>Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) and MRV : clinical applications / Mauricio Castillo, Juan Camilo Márquez and Francisco Jose Medina<br/>Phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PC MRA) and flow analysis : clinical applications / Pedro Vilela<br/>Contrast-enhanced MRA fundamentals and clinical applications / Khurram Javed and Mauricio Castillo<br/>Intracranial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), 1.5T versus 3T : advantages and disadvantages / Sara Safder, Benjamin Huang, and Mauricio Castillo<br/>Time-resolved techniques / Nuno Almeida, David Monteiro, and Daniela Seixas<br/>DSA : basic principles / Mauricio Castillo<br/>DSA in clinical practice / Yueh Z. Lee and Mauricio Castillo<br/>Advanced and future DSA applications / Pedro Vilela<br/>CT perfusion, basic concepts and clinical applications / Joana Ramalho and Isabel R. Fragata<br/>Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI perfusion : basic principles and clinical applications / Francisco Medina Valencia, Mauricio Castillo, and Juan Marquez<br/>Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion basic concepts, artifacts, and clinical applications / Debora Bertholdo and Mauricio Castillo<br/>Imaging of carotid plaque / Sangam Kanekar<br/>Basic concepts and clinical applications of intravascular imaging hideki / Sitahara, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Paul G. Yock, and Yasuhiro Honda<br/>Pediatric vascular imaging techniques and clinical applications / Carla R. Conceio, Rita Lopes da Silva, and Joana Ramalho.

::Summary## "Recent developments in the areas of medica/ surgical treatment, laser technology, endovascular techniques, pathological diagnostics, and appropriate radiation protocols have dramatically impacted the evaluation and management of patients with vascular lesions. This new book will appeal to many overlapping specialties. Congenital vascular lesions are seen and treated by a spectrum of physicians including otolaryngologists, pediatric otolaryngologists, facial plastic surgeons, vascular/ interventional radiologists, pediatricians, dermatologists, and general pediatric surgeons"--Provided by publisher.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Classification of vascular anomalies<br/>Congenital vascular tumors<br/>Pathology of congenital vascular lesions<br/>The natural history, physical findings, and evaluation of hemangiomas<br/>Hemangioma syndromes<br/>Radiologic evaluation of hemangiomas<br/>Medical management of hemangiomas<br/>Treatment of infantile hemangiomas<br/>Radiologic evaluation of vascular malformations<br/>The role of endovascular surgery in the management of vascular lesions of the head and neck<br/>Treatment of port-wine stains<br/>The surgical management of vascular malformations<br/>Evaluation and treatment of vascular neoplasms<br/>Pathology of acquired vascular neoplasms of the head and neck.

::Summary## The book covers all aspects of vascular malformations including classification, embryology, genetics, clinical approach, investigations, management, controversies and key points to remember. Chapters cover recent changes in detail in various aspects, such as classification, genetic decoding, minimal intervention, selective approach and investigations for different types. It offers clear guidance on diagnostic protocol and surgical decision making with changing scenario leading to evolving endovascular and radiological interventions. The book is useful for vascular surgeon, pediatric surgeon, general surgeon, plastic surgeon and intervention radiologist as well as clinical research scholars, surgical oncologists and radiologists.

::Summary## Vascular Mechanisms in CNS Trauma focuses on the vascular aspects of brain and spinal cord trauma.Twenty nine chapters are arranged in three sections:Molecular Mechanisms; Experimental Models and Methods; and Clinical Challenges and Opportunities. The first section addresses topics in the basic biology of brain and spinal cord trauma, ranging from the pathophysiology of cerebral endothelial cells and gliovascular interactions to the role of stem cells in neurovascular repair. The second section covers experimental methods in rodent and in large animal models of CNS injury, as well as the use of biomaterials and biomarkers in studying the mechanisms of tissue response. The third section deals with clinical issues in the monitoring and treatment of the patient with traumatic injury of the brain and spinal cord. Contributors to the book include an integrated mix of basic scientists and clinicians from diverse institutions. By presenting salient issues in CNS trauma from a vascular perspective, this book should make a unique contribution to the understanding of traumatic brain and spinal cord injury.<br/>::Contents##<br/>CNS Barriers in Neurotrauma<br/>Mechanisms of Cerebral Edema Leading to Early Seizures after Traumatic Brain Injury<br/>Human Cerebral Blood Flow and Traumatic Brain Injury<br/>Gliovascular Targets in Traumatic CNS Injury<br/>Neurovascular Responses to Traumatic Brain Injury<br/>The Effects of Intravascular Coagulation and Microthrombosis on Cerebral Perfusion after Brain Trauma<br/>Barriers to Drug Delivery for Brain Trauma<br/>Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury<br/>Vascular Mechanisms in Spinal Cord Injury<br/>Neurovascular Mechanisms of Ischemia Tolerance Against Brain Injury<br/>Stem Cells for Neurovascular Repair in CNS Trauma<br/>Vascular Actions of Hypothermia in Brain Trauma<br/>Vascular Responses in Rodent Models of Traumatic Brain Injury<br/>SAH Models: Review, New Modification, and Prospective<br/>Age and Sex Differences In Hemodynamics In a Large Animal Model of Brain Trauma<br/>Neutrophils as Determinants of Vascular Stability in the Injured Spinal Cord<br/>Blood Biomarkers for Acute CNS Insults: Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke<br/>Biomaterials for CNS Injury<br/>Isolated Blood Vessel Models for Studying Trauma<br/>Managing Edema and Intracranial Pressure in the Intensive Care Unit<br/>Surgical Management of Traumatic Brain Edema<br/>Optimizing Hemodynamics in the Clinical Setting<br/>Cerebrovascular Autoregulation and Monitoring of Cerebrovascular Reactivity<br/>Cerebrovascular Responses after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury<br/>Subdural Hematoma in Non-Accidental Head Injury<br/>Blood Genomics after Brain Ischemia, Hemorrhage, and Trauma<br/>Molecular Biomarkers in Neurocritical Care ? The Next Frontier<br/>Bedside Monitoring of Vascular Mechanisms in CNS Trauma: The use of Near Infra-red Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Transcranial Doppler (TCD)<br/>In vivo MRI and MRS of Cerebrovascular Function following Traumatic Brain Injury.

::Summary## This volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology presents the most relevant aspects of vascular mechanobiology along with many more facets of this fascinating, timely and clinically highly relevant field. Mechanotransduction, mechanosensing, fluid shear stress, hameodynamics and cell fate, are just a few topics to name. All important aspects of vascular mechanobiology in health and disease are reviewed by some of the top experts in the field. This volume, together with a second title on cardiacmechanobiology featured in this series, will be of high relevance to scientists and clinical researchers in the area of vascular biology, cardiology and biomedical engineering.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Preface<br/>Hemodynamics and vascular remodeling<br/>The biomechanics of venous remodeling<br/>New kids on the block: the emerging role of YAP/TAZ in vascular cell mechano-transduction<br/>GPCRs und flow and pressure<br/>Biomechanics in small artery remodeling<br/>Contributions of wall stretch and shear stress to vascular regulation: Molecular mechanisms of homeostasis and expansion<br/>Mechanobiology of lymphatic vessels<br/>Hemodynamic control of endothelial cell fates in development<br/>Mechanical regulation of epigenetic modifications in vascular biology and pathobiology<br/>Mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in pulmonary hypertension<br/>Mechanobiology of arterial hypertension<br/>Mechanobiology of atherosclerosis<br/>Exploitation of vascular mechanobiology for cardiovascular therapy.

::Contents##<br/>Vascular embryology and angiogenesis<br/>The endothelium<br/>Vascular smooth muscle<br/>Normal mechanisms of vascular hemostasis<br/>Vascular pharmacology<br/>Pathobiology of atherosclerosis<br/>Pathobiology of aortic aneurysms<br/>Pathobiology of thrombosis<br/>Pathobiology and assessment of cardiovascular fibrosis<br/>Pathobiology of vasculitis<br/>The history and physical examination<br/>Vascular laboratory testing<br/>Magnetic resonance imaging<br/>Computed tomographic angiography<br/>Catheter-based peripheral angiography<br/>The epidemiology of peripheral artery disease<br/>Pathophysiology of peripheral artery disease<br/>Peripheral artery disease: clinical evaluation<br/>Medical treatment of peripheral artery disease<br/>Endovascular treatment of peripheral artery disease<br/>Reconstructive surgery for peripheral artery disease<br/>Pathophysiology of renal artery disease<br/>Clinical evaluation of renal artery disease<br/>Treatment of renal artery disease<br/>Epidemiology and pathophysiology of mesenteric vascular disease<br/>Clinical evaluation and treatment of mesenteric vascular disease<br/>Vasculogenic erectile dysfunction<br/>Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease<br/>Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease<br/>Prevention and treatment of stroke<br/>Carotid artery revascularization<br/>Pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and medical management of aortic dissection<br/>Surgical therapy for aortic dissection<br/>Endovascular therapy for aortic dissection<br/>Epidemiology and prognosis of aortic aneurysms<br/>Clinical evaluation of aortic aneurysms<br/>Surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms<br/>Endovascular therapy for abdominal aortic aneurysm<br/>Overview of vasculitis<br/>Large vessel vasculitis<br/>Medium and small vessel vasculitis<br/>Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)<br/>Kawasaki disease<br/>Acute arterial occlusion<br/>Atheroembolism<br/>Raynaud phenomenon<br/>Acrocyanosis<br/>Erythromelalgia<br/>Pernio (chilblains)<br/>Epidemiology of venous thromboembolic disease<br/>Clinical evaluation of venous thromboembolism<br/>Management of venous thromboembolism<br/>Varicose veins<br/>Chronic venous insufficiency<br/>Pulmonary arterial hypertension<br/>Pulmonary hypertension in patients with nonpulmonary arterial hypertension<br/>Diseases of the lymphatic circulation<br/>Fibromuscular dysplasia<br/>Vascular infections<br/>Dermatological manifestations of vascular disease<br/>Lower extremity ulceration<br/>Vascular trauma<br/>Vascular compression syndromes<br/>Peripheral vascular anomalies, malformations, and vascular tumors.

::Contents##<br/>The development of the vascular system : a historical overview / Dominico Ribatti, Beatrice Nico, and Enrico Crivellato<br/>The corneal pocket assay / Marina Ziche and Lucia Morbidelli<br/>The mouse hindbrain : an in vivo model to analyze developmental angiogenesis / Alice Plein, Christiana Ruhrberg, and Alessandro Fantin<br/>Three-dimensional in vitro assay of endothelial cell invasion and capillary tube morphogenesis / Lauar di Blasio, Federico Bussolino, and Luca Primo<br/>Vascular casting for the study of vascular morphogenesis / Maximilian Ackermann and Moritz A. Konerding<br/>Cell-based computational modeling of vascular morphogenesis using Tissue Simulation Toolkit / Josephine T. Daub and Roeland M.H. Merks<br/>miRNAs expression profile in zebrafish developing vessels / Emma Ristori and Stefania Nicoli<br/>Imaging of cardiovascular development in mammalian embryos using optical coherence tomography / Monica D. Garcia ... [and 3 others]<br/>Live confocal microscopy of the developing mouse embryonic yolk sac vasculature / Andrew L. Lopez III ... [and 3 others]<br/>Zebrafish embryo intersegmental vesssels : a tool for investigating sprouting angiogenesis / Chiara Tobia ... [and 3 others]<br/>Avian area vasculosa and CAM as rapid in vivo pro-angiogenic and antiangiogenic models / Andrew N. Makanya ... [and 3 others]<br/>Investigating in vitro angiogenesis by computer-assisted image analysis and computational simulation / Diego Guidolin ... [and 3 others]<br/>A chimeric embryoid body model to study vascular morphogenesis / Yanmei Qi ... [and 4 others]<br/>Avians as a model system of vascular development / Michael Bressan and Takashi Mikawa<br/>Microfluidic model of angiogenic sprouting / Jonathan W. Song, Despina Bazou, and Lance L. Munn<br/>The rat aortic ring model of angiogenesis / Alfred C. Aplin and Roberto F. Nicosia<br/>The coculture organotypic assay of angiogenesis / Jennifer L. Allen and Harry Mellor.

::Contents##<br/>1. How to prepare for the exam<br/>2. Initial stroke evaluation<br/>3. Vascular neuroanatomy<br/>4. Stroke syndromes<br/>5. Epidemiology and risk factors<br/>6. Stroke pathophysiology<br/>7. Classifications of stroke<br/>8. Stroke treatment and management<br/>9. Clinical cardiology<br/>10. Genetic stroke syndromes<br/>11. Special populations<br/>12. Special systems<br/>13. Intracranial hemorrhage<br/>14. Vascular malformations<br/>15. Hematologic disorders<br/>16. Neuroradiology<br/>17. Vascular cognitive disorders<br/>18. Stroke rehab<br/>19. Pharmacology<br/>20. Stroke systems of care<br/>Index.

::Summary## This book provides a concise review for practitioners in preparation for the Vascular Neurology Boards including the Maintenance of Certification exam. A valuable second edition, expertly written text is supplemented with new treatment paradigms as well as new and updated trial results. Beginning with a general overview on how to prepare for the exam, this practical guide emphasizes clinically relevant scientific principles that must be mastered by the stroke clinician. Subsequent chapters examine specific epidemiological risk factors that can cause strokes, and discuss stroke pathophysiology, classification, and vascular neuroanatomy. Further subject analysis extends to specific demographics who are genetically predisposed to experiencing a stroke, including those with comorbidities and preexisting conditions. Closing chapters then focus on systems of treatment, such as stroke rehab, pharmacology, and various systems of care. Vascular Neurology Board Review, Second Edition, is not only written to act as a guide for the neurology resident and fellow, but also as a useful framework for non-neurologists.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Chapter 1. How to Prepare for the Exam<br/>Chapter 2: Initial Stroke Evaluation<br/>Chapter 3: Vascular Neuroanatomy<br/>Chapter 4: Stroke Syndromes<br/>Chapter 5: Epidemiology & Risk Factors<br/>Chapter 6: Stroke Pathophysiology<br/>Chapter 7: Classification of Stroke<br/>Chapter 8: Stroke Treatment, Early Management and Secondary Prevention<br/>Chapter 9: Clinical Cardiology<br/>Chapter 10: Genetic Stroke Syndromes<br/>Chapter 11: Special Populations<br/>Chapter 12: Complications of Stroke<br/>Chapter 13: Intra-cranial Hemorrhage<br/>Chapter 14: Vascular Malformations of the Brain and Spine<br/>Chapter 15: Hematologic Disorders<br/>Chapter 16: Neuro -Radiology<br/>Chapter 17: Vascular Cognitive Disorders<br/>Chapter 18: Stroke Rehab<br/>Chapter 19: Pharmacology<br/>Chapter 20: Stroke Systems of Care<br/>Chapter 21. Peri-Operative Stroke.

::Summary## This book is a guide dedicated to vascular pathologies affecting the central nervous system. It uses a multiple-choice format with more than 340 genuine MCQs in a convenient format that is ideal for self-study. Seven chapters provide comprehensive coverage of core concepts in vascular neurosurgery. The questions are structured and organized so as to offer a step-by-step description of each disease, from the definition, related anatomy, pathology, clinical features, radiology to surgical decisions and operative tricks. Answers and explanations appear directly below the questions to make reading easy. This book is essential for residents across neurosurgical disciplines as it includes most of the neurovascular information neurosurgical residents need to prepare for their certification exam. It is also beneficial for those seeking a refresher or for those preparing for certification maintenance.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Intracranial Aneurysm<br/>Arterio-Venous Malformations<br/>Dural ArterioVenous Fistula and Carotid-Cavernous Fistula<br/>Cavernoma and other malformations<br/>Vein of Galen Malformations.-MoyaMoya Disease<br/>Spinal Vascular Malformations.

::Summary## Proteomics is a rapidly expanding investigation platform in cardiovascular medicine. Driven by major improvements in mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation and data analysis, the proteomics field has flourished in recent years particularly in the study of complex diseases. These recent advances are characterized by the development of quantitative MS-based methods that promoted the field from primarily identifying proteins to also providing measurements of relative changes in protein levels between different cell states. This progress is reflected in the application of proteomic techniques to vascular pathology. Vascular Proteomics: Methods and Protocols provides up-to-date methods and protocols for the analysis of arteries, cells, lipoproteins, body fluids, and metabolites, with a particular focus on MS-based methods of protein and peptide quantification. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Vascular Proteomics: Methods and Protocols is a representative selection of methods that can be a useful resource for experienced proteomics practitioners as well as newcomers interested in becoming acquainted with the practice of proteomic techniques for cardiovascular research.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Vascular Proteomics<br/>Laser Microdissection and Saturation Labeling Dige Method for the Analysis of Human Arteries<br/>Use of TOF-SIMS in Vascular Biology<br/>Proteomic Analysis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells with S- and R-Enantiomers of Atenolol by ITRAQ and LC-MS/MS<br/>Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Aortic Endothelial Cells Activated by Oxidized Phospholipids<br/>Characterization of Membrane and Cytosolic Proteins of Erythrocytes<br/>Characterization and Analysis of Human Arterial Tissue Secretome by 2-DE and NLC-MS/MS<br/>Identification of Novel Biomarkers of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) by 2D-DIGE and MALDI-MS FROM AAA-Thrombus Conditioned Media<br/>Metabolites Secreted by Human Atherothrombotic Aneurysm<br/>Quantitative Analysis of Apolipoproteins in Human HDL by Top-Down Differential Mass Spectrometry<br/>Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of High-Density Lipoproteins by Stable 18O-Isotope Labeling<br/>Unraveling Biomarkers of Abdominal Aortic Aneurisms by iTRAQ Analysis of Depleted Plasma<br/>Absolute Quantitation of Proteins in Human Blood by Multiplexed Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry<br/>Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) of Plasma Proteins in Cardiovascular Proteomics<br/>Proteomic Analysis of Plasma of Patients with Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Usefulness of SELDI-TOF<br/>Proteomic Analysis of Urinary Exosomes in Cardiovascular and Associated Kidney Diseases by Two Dimensional Electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS.

::Summary## When the first edition of Vascular Reconstructions was published almost twenty years ago, endovascular surgery was still in its infancy. Endovascular approaches became the preferred initial intervention for many vascular pathologies resulting in a major decrease in open vascular surgical procedures. In order to build upon changes in the management of vascular pathology over the past two decades, this second edition of Vascular Reconstructions was conceived. The first part starts with a review of commonly used vascular instruments and an overview of grafts and sutures used in vascular reconstructions. A detailed chapter on vascular anatomy and exposures is provided to serve as a quick reference before starting a vascular procedure. The remaining chapters in the first part of this book review the basic steps usually performed before and after constructing a vascular anastomosis in addition to thrombectomy and endarterectomy. The second part of this book focuses on the various methods used to conduct a vascular reconstruction, which include primary closure, closure with a patch angioplasty, end-to-end, end-to-side, and side- to-side anastomoses. The various possible modifications used are outlined. The third part of this book reviews the various adjunctive methods used when constructing the proximal or distal anastomoses of an infrainguinal bypass. The fourth part of the book reviews the various modifications that are carried out when constructing the proximal and distal anastomoses of an aortic occlusive or aneurysmal pathology. The vascular anastomoses workshop that inspired the conception of this book is included as an appendix. The fifth part focuses on endovascular therapy and imaging. Vascular Reconstructions: Anatomy, Exposures, and Techniques 2nd Edition aims to make the vascular rotation a pleasant experience for surgical residents, the vascular faculty, recent graduates embarking on conducting vascular reconstructions independently, and healthcare providers who wish to be familiar with the various steps involved in conducting a vascular procedure.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Vascular Instruments<br/>Vascular Grafts, Patches, and Sutures<br/>Vascular Anatomy and Exposures<br/>Basic Steps in Vascular Reconstructions<br/>Hemostasis<br/>Thrombectomy-Embolectomy<br/>Endarterectomy<br/>Closure of an Arteriotomy<br/>End-to-Side Anastomosis<br/>End-to-End Anastomosis<br/>Side-to-Side Anastomosis<br/>Adjunctive Techniques: Proximal Anastomosis of an Infrainguinal Bypass<br/>Adjunctive Techniques: Distal Anastomosis of an Infrainguinal Prosthetic Bypass<br/>Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Replacement: Proximal Anastomosis<br/>Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Replacement: Proximal Anastomosis<br/>Pelvic Revascularization During Aortic Reconstruction<br/>Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA) Reimplantation, Handling of Left Renal Vein<br/>Coverage of Abdominal Aortic Grafts<br/>Basic Angiography: Radiation Safety, Power Injector Use, and Image Intensifier Positioning<br/>General Considerations for Endovascular Access<br/>Wires, Sheaths, and Catheters<br/>Balloons: Plain, Drug-coated, and Cutting<br/>Endovascular Stenting<br/>Adjunctive Endovascular Tools<br/>The Use of Preoperative Imaging for Planning Endovascular and Hybrid Procedures<br/>Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease: Endovascular Management<br/>Peripheral Vascular Disease II: Infrainguinal Disease and Atherectomy<br/>Renal Artery and Visceral Artery Endovascular Interventions<br/>Endovascular Treatment of Carotid and Subclavian Artery Stenosis<br/>Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR and TEVAR)<br/>Endovascular Therapy for Thoracic Aortic Dissection and Intramural Hematoma<br/>Fenestrated and Branched Endografts<br/>Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolus Thrombolysis and Endovascular Treatment<br/>Great Saphenous Vein Endovenous Treatment<br/>IVC Filter Placement and Removal<br/>Miscellaneous Helpful Techniques.

::Summary## Vascular Surgery: A Global Perspective provides the first review and comparison of the diversity of vascular surgery practice around the world. The book is grouped according to common vascular diseases such as aneurysmal and occlusive arterial disease, as well as venous and lymphatic disease and dialysis access. Each major disease topic includes multiple chapters written by expert specialists from around the world, each discussing their local approach to the disease and its treatment. Similarly, the status of vascular surgery practice is addressed, including discussion of the influence of payment systems on practice, patient access to the internet for information, training paradigms, and the legal system including malpractice. This textbook provides the first worldwide summary of the care of patients with vascular disease and will be of interest to a wide audience including vascular surgeons, vascular medical specialists, cardiologists, radiologists, internists, and family practice physicians.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Aneurysms in North America<br/>Aneurysms in South America<br/>Aneurysms in Asia<br/>Aneurysms in Europe<br/>Aneurysms in the Middle East<br/>Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease in North America<br/>Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease in South America<br/>Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease in Asia<br/>Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease in Europe<br/>Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease in the Middle East<br/>Carotid Disease in North America<br/>Carotid Disease in South America<br/>Carotid Disease in Asia<br/>Carotid Disease in Europe<br/>Carotid Disease in the Middle East<br/>Access for Hemodialysis in North America<br/>Access for Hemodialysis in South America<br/>Access for Hemodialysis in Asia<br/>Access for Hemodialysis in Europe<br/>Access for Hemodialysis in the Middle East<br/>Venous Disease in North America<br/>Venous Disease in South America<br/>Venous Disease in Asia<br/>Venous Disease in Europe<br/>Venous Disease in the Middle East.

::Contents##<br/>Resection of carotid artery aneurysms / Brandon W. Propper and Christopher J. Abularrage<br/>Carotid endarterectomy: conventional and eversion / R. Clement Darling III and W. John Byrne<br/>Carotid subclavian reconstructions / Mark D. Morasch<br/>Vertebral artery reconstruction / Enrique Criado<br/>Carotid bypass / W. John Byrne and Nishan Dadian<br/>Brachial artery embolectomy / Chinenye Iwuchukwu and Vivian Gahtan<br/>Distal upper extremity revascularization (brachial to radial/ulnar/hand bypass) / Philip S.K. Paty and Benjamin B. Chang<br/>Open thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair / Ralph Bolman and Tsuyoshi Kaneko<br/>Open repair of Type B dissection / Paul R. Crisostomo and Jae S. Cho<br/>Thoracobifem for occlusive disease / Vikram Kashyap and Nathaniel Liu<br/>Visceral aortic endarterectomy / Timur P. Sarac<br/>Antegrade aorto-SMA and celiac artery bypass / William J. Quinones-Baldrich<br/>Retrograde ilio-SMA and celiac bypass / James McPhee and Thomas N. Carruthers<br/>SMA embolectomy / W. Charles Sternbergh and Hernan Bazan<br/>Open repair of renal artery aneurysm / Paul B. Kreienberg and Jason Comeau<br/>Type IV thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair / Mark Conrad<br/>Division of the crus and celiac artery reconstruction for celiac artery compression syndrome / Glen Roseborough. Aortic repair for juxtarenal and suprarenal aneurysms / Richard Cambria and V. Patel<br/>Aortofemoral bypass for occlusive disease: end-to-end and end-to-side / Daniel B. Walsh and David H. Stone<br/>Transaortic endarterectomy / Margaret C. Tracci, Kenneth J. Cherry, and Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jr.<br/>Iliofemoral reconstruction : ipsilateral and crossover / Richard F. Neville and Bao Nguyen<br/>Fermoral-femoral bypass / Amy B. Reed<br/>Femoral endarterectomy with profundaplasty / Michael Belkin and James T. McPhee<br/>Fermoropopliteal bypass using prosthetic and vein / Neal Barshes<br/>Femoral distal bypass using the in situ and reversed vein / Scott G. Prushik and Frank B. Pomposelli<br/>Exposure of tibial vessels: anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal, from both medial and lateral approaches / Michael S. Conte and Shant Vartanian<br/>Plantar and tarsal artery reconstructions / Enrico Ascher, Anil Hingorani, Natalie Marks, and Frank J. Veith<br/>Technique of carotid artery stenting / Piotr Sobieszczyk<br/>TEVAR for thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair / Gustavo S. Oderich and Tiziano Tallarita<br/>TEVAR for acute and chronic aortic dissection / Joseph Lombardi and Carlos A. Neves<br/>EVAR for traumatic aortic injuries / S. Bahimi<br/>EVAR for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repari / Jeffrey C. Hnath<br/>Endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms / W. Anthony Lee<br/>Endovascular repair of juxtarenal aneurysms / John C. McCallum, Matthew J. Alef, and Marc L. Schermerhorn<br/>Renal artery stenting for renovascular hypertension / Matthew J. Dougherty<br/>SMA and visceral artery stenting / Hari Ramachandran Kumar and Mark K. Eskandari<br/>Endovascular treatment of aortoiliac disease / Sean P. Lyden and David M. Hardy<br/>Endovascular treatment of the SMA (angioplasty & stent, subintimal angioplasty, atherectomy) / George H. Meier<br/>Endovascular treatment of tibial vessels / Charlie C. Cheng, Faisal Z. Cheema, Grant T. Fankhauser, and Michael B. Silva, Jr.<br/>Translumbar approach for coiling of Type II endoleaks / Courtney J. Warner, Claire L. Griffin, and Eva M. Rzucidlo.

::Contents##<br/>Proximal debranching using the ascending aorta for bypasses to carotid, innominate, and subclavian arteries with endovascular repair of thoracic and arch aneurysms / Mark A. Farber and Jason Crowner<br/>Visceral debranching with repair of descending thoracic and visceral aortic aneurysm / S.W. Ham, M. Sigman, and Fred Weaver<br/>Combined iliac stent with femoral endarterectomy / Richard J. Powell<br/>Combined iliac stenting and fem-fem bypass / William C. Pevec<br/>Retrograde SMA angioplasty and stenting in patients with acute intestinal ischemia / Mark C. Wyers<br/>Endovascular composite sequential bypass using covered SFA graft and vein bypass for distal reconstruction / Mark Patterson<br/>Central venous dilatation and stenting / Murray L. Shames and Alexis Powell<br/>Treatment of superior vena cava syndrome and central stenosis / Peter Gloviczki and Sameh Said<br/>Placement of IVC filter and removal of retrievable filters / Roan J. Glocker and Marc A. Passman<br/>Lysis for iliofemoral DVT / Omar Al-Nouri and Bernadette Aulivola<br/>Endovascular interventions for Paget-Schroetter/venous thoracic outlet syndrome / Mitchell W. Cox and Cynthia K. Shortell<br/>Endovascular treatment for May-Thurner syndrome / Philip P. Goodney and Courtney J. Warner<br/>Endovascular treatment for pelvic congestion syndrome / Carl M. Black and Ellen D. Dillavou<br/>Saphenous vein ablation and stab phlebectomy / Kathleen J. Ozsvath and Stephanie S. Saltzberg<br/>Vena cava resection for renal cell carcinoma / R. Clement Darling III, Chin Chin Yeh, and John B. Taggert. Upper extremity permanent hemodialysis access placement / William Jennings, Alexandros Mallios, and John Blebea<br/>Lower extremity permanent hemodialysis access placement / Paul B. Kreienberg<br/>Peritoneal dialysis access placement / Claudie Sheahan, Bruce Torrance, and Malachi G. Sheahan<br/>Procedures for hemodialysis access steal syndrome / Karen J. Ho and Haimanot Wasse<br/>Hemodialysis access maintenance and salvage / Dirk M. Hentschel<br/>Supraclavicular/infraclavicular / Louis L. Nguyen<br/>Thoracic outlet procedures: transaxillary approach / Dean J. Arnaoutakis and Julie A. Freischlag<br/>Drainage and debridement of foot infections / Neal R. Barshes<br/>Digital and metatarsal ampurtations of the forefoot / Nicholas A. Giovinco, David G. Armstrong, and Joseph L. Mills<br/>Syme and Lisfranc disarticulations / Christopher P. Chiodo and Jeremy T. Smith<br/>Ankle disarticulation and circular open (guillotine) below-knee amputation / C. Keith Ozaki<br/>Closed below-knee amputation / Jonathan D. Gates<br/>Knee disarticulation / Marcus Semel<br/>Above knee amputation / Jacob Bray and Malachi G. Sheahan<br/>Hip disarticulation / I. Koleilat and A. Nigam.

::Summary## Circulatory conditions are involved both in the oncologic disease itself and in its treatment, with a direct impact on therapeutic planning for patients. At the same time, it goes without saying that cancer and its treatment affect the circulatory system, be it arterial, venous or lymphatic. This book explores the interface between vascular surgery and the various clinical and surgical oncological specialties, highlighting which types of neoplasm are most common and focusing on those that more frequently cause or are influenced by vascular diseases. The diagnostic procedures for these tumors and the most suitable types of treatment are also discussed. The content is divided into three sections: I -- Surgical Oncology, II --Clinical Oncology and Oncohematology, and III -- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. The first section presents the most common types of tumor in each surgical oncology specialty, and the most frequent tumors associated with vascular complications. The diagnosis, staging, prognosis and oncological treatments are discussed, while associated vascular complications, such as vascular invasion, venous thrombosis, and arterial thrombosis, are described. The second section focuses on general aspects of Clinical Oncology and Oncohematology in addition to the most frequent vascular complications related to solid and hematological cancers and its treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bone marrow transplantation). The third section includes a more detailed approach to vascular events and diseases commonly found in cancer patients, in addition to technical discussions regarding vascular reconstructions associated with tumor resection, vascular access, among other topics. At the end of each chapter, the editors comment and highlight the most important challenges for vascular surgeons who dedicate their lives to treating cancer patients. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for medical specialists and professionals in training in the fields of vascular surgery and angiology, clinical oncology, oncohematology and surgical oncology.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Head and Neck Surgery<br/>Thoracic Surgery<br/>Gastrointestinal Surgery<br/>Urology<br/>Gynecology / Mastology<br/>Orthopedics<br/>Retroperitoneal Tumors<br/>Neurosurgery<br/>Clinical Oncology<br/>Oncohematology<br/>VTE and Cancer<br/>Endovascular Procedures in Cancer Patients<br/>Lymphatic Disorders in Oncological Patients<br/>Vascular Access.

::Contents##<br/>Part I: Arterial evaluation. Gross anatomy of the central and peripheral arterial systems<br/>Physiology and fluid dynamics<br/>Testing considerations, patient history, mechanisms of disease, and physical examination<br/>Doppler waveform analysis in the upper and lower extremities<br/>Doppler segmental pressures: lower extremities<br/>Doppler segmental pressures: upper extremities<br/>Laser Doppler<br/>Penile pressures and waveforms: duplex/color flow imaging evaluation<br/>Plethysmography: upper and lower extremities<br/>Digital pressures and plethysmography<br/>Transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2)<br/>Duplex scanning and color flow imaging of the upper extremities<br/>Duplex scanning and color flow imaging of the lower extremities<br/>Duplex scanning and color flow imaging of the abdominal vessels<br/>Preoperative mapping procedures<br/>Atypical vascular disorders<br/>Alternative diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions<br/>Part II: Cerebrovascular evaluation. Gross anatomy, physiology, and fluid dynamics<br/>Testing considerations, patient history, mechanisms of disease, and physical examination<br/>Carotid duplex scanning and color flow imaging<br/>Transcranial Doppler (TCD)<br/>Atypical vascular disorders<br/>Alternative diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions<br/>Part III: Venous evaluation. Gross anatomy of the central and peripheral venous systems<br/>Venous hemodynamics<br/>Testing considerations, patient history, mechanisms of disease, and physical examination<br/>Venous photoplethysmography<br/>Venous air plethysmography<br/>Continuous-wave doppler<br/>Duplex scanning and color flow imaging in venous evaluation<br/>Alternative diagnostic tests<br/>Medical therapies<br/>Surgical and endovascular therapies and other treatment options<br/>Part IV: Test validation, statistics, and patient safety. Statistical profile and correlation<br/>Patient care and environmental issues.

::Contents##<br/>Histopathology and Pathogenesis of Vascular Tumors and Malformations<br/>Vascular Overgrowth<br/>Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis<br/>The Genetic Basis and Molecular Diagnosis of Vascular Tumors and Developmental Malformations<br/>Clinical Management and Treatment of Vascular Tumors.

::Summary## An interdisciplinary guide to vascular color flow imaging and CEUS organized by anatomic region The indications for vascular color duplex sonography (CDS) have expanded in recent years due to the availability of power Doppler, B-flow, ultrasound contrast agents, 3D reconstruction techniques, and fusion with other imaging modalities. CDS enables close-interval follow-ups after interventional procedures with improved prognoses. Edited by Reinhard Kubale, Hube.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Vascular Ultrasound<br/>MedOne Access Information<br/>Title<br/>Copyright<br/>Contents<br/>Preface<br/>Contributors<br/>Part I Basic Principles<br/>Chapter 1 Principles of Physics and Technology in Diagnostic Ultrasound<br/>1.1 Introduction<br/>1.2 Overview of Ultrasound Techniques<br/>1.2.1 A-Mode<br/>1.2.2 B-Mode<br/>1.2.3 M-Mode<br/>1.2.4 Color Duplex Sonography (CDS)<br/>1.2.5 Power Doppler<br/>1.2.6 Tissue Doppler<br/>1.2.7 B-Flow<br/>1.2.8 Color M-Mode<br/>1.2.9 Doppler Spectral Analysis<br/>1.2.10 Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Techniques<br/>1.2.11 (Tissue) Harmonic Imaging 1.3 General Physical Properties<br/>1.4 Formation of the Ultrasound Image<br/>1.4.1 Frame Rate, Pulse Repetition Frequency, Penetration Depth, and Number (Density) of Scan Lines<br/>1.5 Transducers<br/>1.5.1 Transducer "Frequency"<br/>1.6 The Doppler Effect<br/>1.6.1 Problem of Pulsed Sampling-Aliasing<br/>1.7 Components of an Ultrasound System<br/>1.7.1 Interpretation of Color Duplex Images<br/>1.8 Innovations<br/>1.8.1 Harmonic Imaging<br/>1.8.2 Tissue Doppler<br/>1.8.3 Power Doppler<br/>1.8.4 Real-Time Compound B-Mode<br/>1.8.5 Spatial Compound Imaging<br/>1.8.6 Elastography<br/>1.8.7 PlaneWave Imaging 1.9 Documentation<br/>Chapter 2 Ultrasound Device Settings, Examination Technique, and Artifacts<br/>2.1 Introduction<br/>2.1.1 Color Flow Imaging (CFI)<br/>2.2 Transducer Selection and Instrument Settings<br/>2.2.1 Prerequisites<br/>2.2.2 Transducer Selection<br/>2.2.3 Transducers<br/>2.2.4 Optimizing the Image with Operator-Controlled Settings<br/>2.3 Examination Technique, Limitations, and Artifacts<br/>2.3.1 Examination Protocol<br/>2.3.2 Limitations and Artifacts<br/>2.4 Effect of Imaging Technique on Spatial Resolution and Lesion Detectability<br/>Chapter 3 Hemodynamics<br/>3.1 Introduction 3.2 Flow Characteristics in Steady Volume Flow<br/>3.2.1 Shear Rate<br/>3.2.2 Flow Resistance, Hagen-Poiseuille Law<br/>3.2.3 Fahraeus-Lindqvist Effect, Apparent Viscosity, and Axial Migration<br/>3.3 Flow Characteristics in Straight Vessels of Constant Cross Section<br/>3.3.1 Reynolds Number as the Determinant of Laminar or Turbulent Flow<br/>3.4 Flow Characteristics in Vessels of Variable Cross Section<br/>3.4.1 Bernoulli Principle<br/>3.4.2 Flow Profile at Constrictions and Expansions<br/>3.4.3 Flow Separation, Separation Zones, and Turbulent Zones<br/>3.5 Characteristics of Pulsatile Volume Flow 3.5.1 Velocity Profile of Pulsatile Flow<br/>3.5.2 Approach to the Flow Complexity<br/>3.5.3 Waveforms of Pulsatile Flow/Helical Flow<br/>3.6 Blood Flow through Stenoses<br/>3.6.1 Relationship between Vessel Cross Section and Flow Velocity<br/>3.6.2 Quantification of Stenosis<br/>3.6.3 Intra- and Poststenotic Flow Changes<br/>3.6.4 Hemodynamic Significance<br/>3.7 Evaluation of Stenoses by Color Duplex Imaging<br/>3.7.1 Criteria for Vascular Findings<br/>3.7.2 Instrument Settings<br/>3.7.3 Envelope Curves of Doppler Spectrum<br/>3.7.4 Spectral Window in Doppler Frequency Analysis

::Contents##<br/>Basic anatomy<br/>External carotid artery<br/>Internal carotid artery<br/>Carotid-ophthalmic triangle<br/>Posterior communicating artery and anterior choroidal artery<br/>Middle cerebral artery<br/>Anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries<br/>Basilar bifurcation and posterior cerebral arteries<br/>Vertebral and basilar arteries<br/>Venous anatomy.

::Summary## In this second edition, the authors discuss the newly discovered entity of IgG4 related diseases, look in greater detail at the role of biologic treatment in ANCA associated vasculitis, and have revised the nomenclature in each chapter to reflect international consensus. The addition of illustrations as well as online video content helps the reader manage patients with these potentially devastating conditions. Vasculitis in Clinical Practice, Second Edition, is a useful and concise volume that will help physicians in training, primary care physicians and nurse practitioners in quickly and easily recognizing the key and salient points of each condition.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Part 1. Introduction<br/>1. Definitions<br/>2. Classification and Epidemiology<br/>3. General Presentation of the Vasculitides<br/>4. General Principles of Treatment<br/>Part 2. Features of Individual Diseases<br/>5. Giant Cell Arteritis<br/>6. Takayasu Arteritis<br/>7. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis<br/>GPA (Wegeners)<br/>8. Eosinophilia with Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis- EGPA (Churg?Strauss Syndrome)<br/>9. Microscopic Polyangiitis<br/>10. Polyarteritis Nodosa<br/>11. Kawasaki Disease<br/>12. IgA Vasculitis<br/>13. Behçet?s Disease<br/>14. Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis<br/>15. Vasculitis Mimics<br/>16. Secondary Vasculitis<br/>17. Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System Vasculitis<br/>18. Relapsing Polychondritis<br/>19. Cogan's Syndrome<br/>20. IgG4 Related Disease.

::Summary## This unique work presents one of the most significant organ failure condition--cardiocirculatory shock--and the prominent role of Methylene Blue (MB). Through their extensive experience, the authors consider that the lifesaving feature of MB is still underestimated. For this reason they outline key concepts of MB, mentioning essential experimental data, yet focusing mainly on its application in the care of critically ill patients. In an easy-to-read format, the 18 chapters were organized in a didactically structured order, distributed in four parts. The first part introduces the general conceptual aspects and physiology of the endothelium. The second part presents the particularities of endothelial dysfunction in different types of shock. Methylene blue is discussed in detail in the third part. In the fourth part, particular situations of endothelial dysfunction, such as heart surgery and organ transplantation, are described. Additionally, the two complementary subjects of acid-base balance and the therapeutic use of inhaled nitric oxide are mentioned. Finally, looking for therapeutic alternatives for what we classify as "vasoplegic endothelial dysfunction", MB remains promising as an adjuvant to sympathomimetic amines. The combination of three recently proposed concepts may be useful in obtaining better results against the high mortality rates in critically ill patients. These three concepts are "wide-spectrum vasopressors", vasopressor economy strategies, and microcirculation protection against the harmful effects of using high concentrations of amines. This book's translational approach will appeal to a variety of readers within the health specialties of medicine, biomedicine, physiotherapy, nursing, odontology, and basic science.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Part I - General Conceptual Aspects<br/>Introduction<br/>Physiology of the Endothelium<br/>PART 2 PARTICULARITIES OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHOCK<br/>Circulatory Shock: A Conceptual and Practical Approach<br/>Circulatory Shock, Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Multiple Organ Failure<br/>Endothelial Dysfunction in Hemorrhagic Shock<br/>Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiogenic Shock<br/>Endothelial Dysfunction in Distributive Shock<br/>PART 3 METHYLENE BLUE<br/>Methylene blue<br/>The Inhibition of Guanylate Cyclase by Methylene Blue as Therapeutic Proposal for Vasoplegia Associated with Shock<br/>Methylene Blue in the Treatment of Anaphylaxis<br/>Methylene Blue in Children and Neonates<br/>Methylene Blue and Burns<br/>Cardiac arrest and neuroprotection by methylene blue<br/>Methylene Blue and Endocarditis<br/>PART 4 ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS<br/>Vasoplegic syndrome in heart surgery<br/>Vasoplegic Endothelial Dysfunction In Orthotopic Liver Transplantation<br/>Acid-base Balance<br/>The therapeutic use of inhaled nitric oxide.

::Summary## This book is exceptional in being devoted solely to vasovagal syncope (VVS), the most frequent cause of transient loss of consciousness in the general population. All aspects of VVS are covered, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and implications for particular activities such as work, driving and physical activity. The context for the book is that about half of the population suffer from this type of loss of consciousness during their lifetime and then often call for general practitioner and/or emergency room assistance. While many pathophysiological aspects of VVS have been clarified, others remain elusive. The diagnosis of VVS may be easy, but it is sometimes challenging. From the therapeutic standpoint, few evidence-based therapies have been established and the large majority of treatments remain unsatisfactory. Vasovagal Syncope presents the latest evidence on all these issues and will be of value for internists, cardiologists, neurologists, emergency physicians and general practitioners.<br/>::Contents##<br/>1. Origin and evolution of the vasovagal reflex<br/>2. Vasovagal syncope in the Divine Comedy and the Holy Bible<br/>3. Definition and classification of transient loss of consciousness<br/>4. Epidemiology of vasovagal syncope<br/>5. Role of autonomic nervous system<br/>6. Role of baroreceptor mechanisms<br/>7. Role of adenosine<br/>8. Cardiac rhythms in neurally mediated syncope<br/>9. Pathophysiology: Conclusive remarks<br/>10. Initial evaluation of the patient with transient loss of consciousness<br/>11. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of vasovagal syncope<br/>12. Examinations in suspected vasovagal syncope<br/>13. Differential diagnosis of vasovagal syncope<br/>14. Differential diagnosis of peculiar sindromes: Postural tachycardia<br/>15 Differential diagnosis of peculiar sindromes: Sick sinus syndrome<br/>16 Differential diagnosis of peculiar sindromes: Chronic fatigue syndrome<br/>17 Differential diagnosis of peculiar sindromes: Fibromyalgia<br/>PART V ? PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 18 Prognosis of vasovagal syncope and risk stratification in the emergency department<br/>19 Treatment of vasovagal syncope: Counseling, drugs and counter-pressure manoeuvres<br/>20 Role of loop-recorder and pacemaker implantation<br/>21 Therapy ? Conclusive remarks<br/>PART VI ? SPECIAL ISSUES<br/>22 Vasovagal syncope in children<br/>23 Vasovagal syncope in the elderly<br/>24 Vasovagal syncope during driving, working and physical activity<br/>25 Vasovagal syncope and orthostatic intolerance after space flight<br/>26 Vasovagal syncope and sudden death: is there a liaison?.

::Summary## Central Asia is a large and understudied region of varied geography, ranging from the high passes and mountains of Tian Shan, to the vast deserts of Kyzyl Kum, Taklamakan to the grassy treeles steppes. This region is faced with adverse conditions, as much of the land is too dry or rugged for farming. Additionally, the rich specific and intraspecific diversity of fruit trees and medicinal plants is threatened by overgrazing, oil and mineral extraction, and poaching. Countless species from the approximately 20 ecosystems and 6000 plant taxa are now rare and endangered. Traditional vegetation studies in this region are far from adequate to handle complex issues such as soil mass movement, soil sodicity and salinity, biodiversity conservation, and grazing management. However, data analysis using a Geographical Information System (GIS) tool provides new insights into the vegetation of this region and opens up new opportunities for long-term sustainable management. While vegetation planning can occur at a property scale, it is often necessary for certain factors, such as salinity, to be dealt with on a regional scale to ensure their effective management. GIS increases the effectiveness and accuracy of vegetation planning in a region. Such regional planning will also greatly increases biodiversity values. This book systematically explores these issues and discuses new applications and approaches for overcoming these issues, including the application of GIS techniques for sustainable management and planning. Professional researchers as well as students and teachers of agriculture and ecology will find this volume to be an integral resource for studying the vegetation of Central Asia.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Intro; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; About the Editors; <br/>Chapter 1: Spatiotemporal Assessment of Vegetation Trends in the Post-Soviet Central Asia; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Study Area; 1.3 Methods; 1.3.1 Satellite Data Processing; 1.3.2 Derivation of Seasonal Vegetation Metrics from NDVI and Climatic Data; 1.3.3 Seasonal Trend Analysis; 1.4 Results and discussion; 1.4.1 Observations; 1.4.2 Spatial Patterns of Vegetation, Precipitation, and Temperature Trends; 1.5 Conclusions; References 2.2.2.5 Probalistic Methods to Predict and Monitor Further Status of Landscapes (Kriging)2.3 Results; 2.3.1 Long-Term Trends of SPIE Data (1950-2017) for Selected Areas; 2.3.1.1 Uzbekistan; 2.3.1.2 Kazakhstan; 2.3.1.3 Turkmenistan; 2.3.1.4 Tajikistan; 2.3.1.5 Kyrgyzstan; 2.3.2 Summary About Droughts for Central Asia; 2.3.3 Statistical Description of Annual Trend Analysis of Droughts and Their Residuals; 2.3.4 Resilience of Ecosystem and an Assessment of the Consequences of Current Factors for Vegetation Trends; 2.3.5 Ongoing Process and Early Drought Detection with the Kriging Method 2.4 ConclusionReferences; <br/>Chapter 3: NDVI-Based Monitoring Long-Term Vegetation Change Dynamics in the Drylands of Central Asia; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Study Sites; 3.2.1 Climatic Conditions in Central Asia; 3.2.2 Detailed Information for Selected Eco-regions and Their Land Use and Land Cover Change Data; 3.2.3 Kyzylorda Region-Kazakhstan; 3.2.4 Gorno-Badakhschon Autonomous Region-Tajikistan; 3.2.5 Navoi Region-Uzbekistan; 3.2.6 Jalalabad Region-Kyrgyzstan; 3.2.7 Lebap (Former Chordjou) Region-Turkmenistan; 3.3 Materials and Methods; 3.3.1 Vegetation Datasets; 3.3.1.1 GIMMS 3g 3.3.1.2 Sentinel-NDVI3.3.2 Trend Analysis; 3.3.3 Time Series Decomposition; 3.3.4 Seasonal Mann-Kendall Trend Test; 3.4 Results; 3.4.1 Monitoring NDVI Characteristics and Dynamics for Selected Arid and Humid Regions During 1982-2015 in Central Asia; 3.4.2 Gorno-Badakhschon Autonomous Region-Tajikistan; 3.4.3 Sentinel-2 NDVI Scenes for Efficiency Description of Crop and Shrublands as Examples for Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; 3.4.4 Decomposition and Seasonal NDVI Accumulation in Selected Provinces of Central Asia; 3.4.5 Kyzylorda Region-Kazakhstan; 3.4.6 Navoi Region-Uzbekistan; 3.4.7 Gorno-Badakhschon Autonomous Region-Tajikistan <br/>Chapter 2: Drought Variability and Land Degradation in Central Asia: Assessment Using Remote Sensing Data and Drought Indices2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Materials and Methods; 2.2.1 Location; 2.2.1.1 Climatic Parameters and Description.; Precipitation in Central Asia Between 1982 and 2015; 2.2.2 Classification of Targeted Area; 2.2.2.1 Datasets and Methods; 2.2.2.2 Climatic Variables; 2.2.2.3 A Drought Index: The Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI); 2.2.2.4 Vegetation Indices: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

::Contents##<br/>VEGF splicing and the role of VEGF splice variants: From physiological-pathological conditions to specific pre-mRNA splicing<br/>Detection and quantification of VEGF isoforms by ELISA<br/>Quantitation of circulating neuropilin-1 in human, monkey, mouse, and rat sera by ELISA<br/>Detection and quantification of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases in primary human endothelial cells<br/>Induction of VEGF secretion in cardiomyocytes by mechanical stretch<br/>Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay: Examining the interaction of NFkB with the VEGF promoter<br/>An overview of vegf-mediated signal transduction<br/>Identification of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors using cell surface biotinylation and affinity isolation<br/>Analysis of VEGF-mediated ERK5 activity in endothelial cells<br/>In vitro angiogenesis assays<br/>Chemotactic migration of endothelial cells towards VEGF-A165<br/>Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in VEGF receptor-1 deficient mice<br/>The embryonic mouse hindbrain and postnatal retina as in vivo models to study angiogenesis<br/>VEGF gene transfer to the utero-placental circulation of pregnant guinea pigs to enhance fetal growth<br/>VEGF gene transfer to the utero-placental circulation of pregnant sheep to enhance fetal growth<br/>Generation of targeted mutations in zebrafish using the CRISPR/cas system.

::Summary## "Venous insufficiency is a common clinical problem that is often under-diagnosed and under-treated. This book provides the pathophysiology, symptoms, differential diagnosis and step-by-step management of this disorder"-- Provided by publisher.<br/>::Contents##<br/>DEFINING THE PROBLEM<br/>EFFECT OF GRAVITY<br/>CIRCULATORY SYSTEM<br/>VALVES IN VEINS<br/>INJURY OF VENOUS VALVES<br/>VENOUS VALVULAR REFLUX<br/>SYMPTOMS<br/>CLASSIFICATION<br/>DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS<br/>DIAGNOSTIC TESTING<br/>APPROACH TO TREATMENT<br/>ELEVATION<br/>CALF PUMP<br/>COMPRESSION WRAP<br/>COMPRESSION GARMENTS<br/>INTERMITTENT COMPRESSION<br/>COMPLICATIONS<br/>ULCER<br/>SURGERY<br/>SPECIAL PEOPLE<br/>SPECIAL PATIENTS<br/>HISTORICAL OVERVIEW.

::Summary## "The diagnosis and interventional management of venous disorders is a truly core area in radiology, representing a significant percentage of the caseload of an interventional radiologist-up to 75% in some institutions. Covering common disorders such as venous ulceration and varicose veins (affecting half of adults over the age of 50) as well as such serious disorders such as thromboembolic disease, this book will present the state of the art in minimally invasive diagnosis and management of these disorders. Highly practical and authoritative, this book will open with sections on epidemiology, anatomy, and the basics of venous access and then will cover the wide range of these disorders, with practical guidelines and case examples"-- Provided by publisher.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Venous Anatomy and Physiology and Epidemiology of Venous Disorders / Kathleen Hamrick and Laura K. Findeiss<br/>Thromboembolism / Matthew Rondina and Hanadi Farrukh<br/>Cerebral Venous Thrombosis / Nitish Dhingra and Kieran Murphy<br/>Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis : Sporadic and Compressive / Kyle Cooper, Minhaj S. Khaja, and Bill Majdalany<br/>Pulmonary Embolism / Akhilesh Sista and Ron Winkour<br/>Inferior Vena Cava Filters / Robert King and Matthew Johnson<br/>Chronic Venous Occlusive Disease / Deepak Sudheendra<br/>Peripheral Venous Insufficiency / Mary Costantino<br/>Vascular Access / Todd Hoffman, Laura K. Findeiss and Gordon McLennan<br/>Pelvic and Gonadal Venous Reflux / Douglas A. Murrey, Bill S. Majdalany, and Minhaj S.Khaja<br/>Portal and Mesenteric Venous Disorders / Hector Ferral and Maria del Pilar Bayona Milano<br/>Venous Anomalies and Syndromes : Classifications, Evaluation, and treatment / Christopher R. Bailey, Scott R. Shuldiner, and Clifford Weiss.

::Contents##<br/>Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children with Cystic Fibrosis<br/>Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders and Bruxism<br/>Absence of Typical Symptoms and Comorbidities in Patients with Central Sleep Apnea<br/>Causes of Chronic Cough in Non-Smoking Patients<br/>Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract in Preschool and School Age Children in Ambulatory Ear Nose Throat Practice<br/>Assessment of Air Pollution Effects on the Respiratory System Based on Pulmonary Function Tests Performed during Spirometry Days<br/>Development and Evaluation of Predictive Models in Tuberculous Pleuritis<br/>The Influence of Asthma Exacerbations on Health-Related Quality of Life<br/>Increased Serum IgA in Children with IgA Nephropathy, Severity of Kidney Biopsy Findings and Long-Term Outcomes<br/>Product Failures in Respirators and Consumables: Analysis of Field Safety Notices of 2005-2013 publicized by the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices in Germany.

::Summary## This book provides readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to non-invasive mechanical ventilation in palliative medicine, focusing on why and when it may be necessary. Physicians will find a practical guide to this specific context, particularly focused on pulmonary function and physiology in the elderly, and on ventilatory management in surgery and chronic stable conditions. The book provides detailed information on the rationale for invasive and non-invasive ventilation, the different modes of ventilation, indications and contraindications, prognostic factors, and outcomes. It addresses in detail the role of postoperative mechanical ventilation following various forms of surgery, and discusses key aspects of withdrawal from ventilatory support. Attention is also devoted to the use of mechanical ventilation within and beyond the ICU. The concluding part of the book focuses on important topics such as ethics, legal issues, home mechanical ventilation, drug therapy, rehabilitation and end-of-life. Its multidisciplinary approach, bringing together contributions from international experts in different specialties, ensures that the book will be of interest to a broad range of health professionals involved in the management of older patients admitted to the ICU, including intensivists, anesthesiologists, and geriatricians.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Sus: European and non-European perspectives I. Weaning and Management<br/>Chapter 23. Weaning Mechanical Ventilation<br/>Chapter 24. Rehabilitation In Critical Illness And Palliative Care<br/>Chapter 25. Sedation and Analgesia in Mechanical Ventilation<br/>Chapter 26. Management Elderly Patients With Acute Neurologic Syndrome (Delirium Agitation)<br/>Part IX. Discharge and Home Mechanical Ventilation<br/>Chapter 27. Home Discharge. Planning, Policies And Impact On Hospital Admission And Outcome<br/>Chapter 28. Home Mechanical Ventilation<br/>Chapter 29. The Role of Non-Invasive Home Mechanical Ventilation in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease<br/>Part X. Ventilatory Management in Outcome<br/>30. Predictors of Outcome of NIV in Elder, Palliative and End-of-Life Care Patients<br/>Chapter 31. Prognosis Following Acute Exacerbation of COPD Treated with Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation<br/>Chapter 32. Readmission elderly Critically Patients<br/>Part XI. Ventilatory Management in End Life Applications<br/>Chapter 33. End-Of-Life Care Of Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis<br/>Chapter 34. Hospital Organizations Management Acute Respiratory Failure<br/>Chapter 35. Hospital Organizations of ARF in Elderly<br/>Chapter 36. NIV in Palliative Medicine and End-of-Life Care: The Perspectives of Patients, Families and Clinicians<br/>Chapter 37. Legal Issues (Surrogacy Laws, Informed Consent)<br/>Part XII. Ventilatory Management in Palliative Medicine<br/>Chapter 38. Neuromuscular Patients (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis And Other Condictions)<br/>Chapter 39. Non-Neuromuscular Patients (Kyphoscoliosis)<br/>Chapter 40. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis<br/>Chapter 41. Respiratory failure and the critically ill cancer patient<br/>Chapter 42. Recommendations for Noninvasive ventilation on survival and quality of life<br/>Chapter 43. Quality of life and complications after percutaneous tracheostomy<br/>Chapter 44. The concept of Quality of Life in Elderly patients and advanced stages<br/>Chapter 45. Recommandations and consen.

::Summary## This text serves as a convenient one-stop resource on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in context of advanced heart failure and presence of ventricular assist devices. Advances in managing heart failure, evidence-based practices and therapies are covered, along with the management of this unique and complex subset of patients. The book also provides insights into combined heart and kidney transplantation. Authored by leaders in nephrology, cardiology and transplantation, this book fills a critical knowledge gap in understanding and treating patients with acute or chronic dysfunction of the heart and kidneys and how one induces dysfunction in the other organ.

::Summary## This book focuses on how ventricular assist devices (VADs) can help provide destination therapy for patients with terminal heart failure, one of the most serious diseases in the world today because of the tremendous number of patients, the high mortality rate, and the cost of care. One means of providing cardiological support for patients suffering from heart failure is with VADs, and more than 10,000 patients worldwide have now been implanted with these devices. Half of them already have lived more than one year, and 2,000 patients more than two years, after surgery. This improved survival means that we have reached a point where VADs can be used for destination therapy, not just for bridge-to-recovery or bridge-to-transplant. In view of the increasing number of patients with advanced-stage heart failure and the availability and longevity of transplanted hearts, VADs can solve many problems. In addition to providing information about the devices themselves, this book includes vital guidelines on long-term management and support of VAD-implanted patients' everyday lives.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Chapter 1. Opportunities and Challenges for LVAD Therapy Now and in The Future<br/>Chapter 2. The State of Ventricular Assist Device Therapy Today<br/>Chapter 3. Older Destination Therapy Patient Selection<br/>Chapter 4. The Economics of Long-Term Ventricular Assist Device Therapy for Patients with End Stage Heart Failure<br/>Chapter 5. Improving Clinical Outcomes: A Targeted Approach<br/>Chapter 6. Transplant versus VAD: Evolving and Future Perspectives<br/>Chapter 7. Strategies to Assess and Minimize Right Heart Failure after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation<br/>Chapter 8. Innovation Update.

::Contents##<br/>I.t. Röntgentechnik.<br/>II.t. Die seitenventrikel.<br/>III.t. Dritter und vierter ventrikel. --

::Contents##<br/>I.t. Röntgentechnik.<br/>II.t. Die seitenventrikel.<br/>III.t. Dritter und vierter ventrikel. --

::Contents##<br/><br/>v. 1. Die Ernährung.

::Summary## "Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) result from trauma or pathologic weakening of the bone and are associated with conditions such as osteoporosis or malignancy. Worldwide, VCFs impact one in three women and one in eight men aged 50 and older, with more than 8.9 million fractures incurred annually. Copublished by Thieme and the Society of Interventional Radiology, Vertebral Augmentation: The Comprehensive Guide to Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty, and Implant Augmentation provides a practical, clinical discussion of these minimally invasive spine interventions"-- Provided by publisher.

::Summary## Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are the most common type of fracture secondary to osteoporosis. These fractures are associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality and annual direct medical expenditures of more than $1 billion in the United States. This book presents a concise review of the diagnosis, management and treatment of vertebral compression fractures, discussing best practices for evaluation and radiographic diagnosis of vertebral compression fractures, as well as both non-operative and operative treatment options, including cement augmentation. Opening chapters discuss both normal bone physiology as well as the pathophysiology of osteoporotic bone, and the evaluation and biomechanics of VCF, both osteoporotic and pathologic. Examination, radiography and long-term sequelae of VCF are then presented. The bulk of the remainder of the book focuses on medical, non-operative and operative management strategies, including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty cement augmentation, management of spinal deformity, VCF adjacent to previous spinal fusion, and sacral insufficiency fractures. A final chapter on future treatment strategies rounds out the presentation. Spinal Compression Fractures in Osteoporotic and Pathologic Bone is ideal for orthopaedic trauma, spine, and neurosurgeons. The book is also intended for endocrinologists, rheumatologists, interventional radiologists, physiatrists, anesthesiologists, primary care physicians, and other practitioners who manage and treat patients with osteoporosis.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Normal Bone Physiology<br/>Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Osteoporosis<br/>The Economic Burden of Osteoporosis<br/>Evaluation and Medical Management of Vertebral Osteoporosis<br/>Preventing the Next Fracture<br/>Biomechanics of Vertebral Compression Fractures<br/>Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures<br/>Pathologic vertebral compression fractures: diagnosis and management<br/>History, Physical Exam and Differential Diagnosis of Vertebral Compression Fracture<br/>Radiographic Diagnosis of Patients with Vertebral Compression Fractures<br/>Natural History and Long Term Sequelae of Vertebral Compression Fractures<br/>Medical, Interventional, and Orthotic Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures<br/>Outcomes of Non-Operative Management and Vertebral Augmentation of Vertebral Compression Fractures<br/>Vertebroplasty Cement Augmentation Technique<br/>Kyphoplasty Cement Augmentation Technique<br/>Management of Spinal Deformity in the Setting of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures<br/>Operative Treatment of Pathologic Compression Fractures of the Spine<br/>Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures Adjacent to Previous Spinal Fusion<br/>Surgical Strategies In Osteoporotic Bone<br/>Sacral Insufficiency Fractures<br/>Future Treatment Strategies.

::Summary## This book focuses on respiratory proteins, the broad hemoglobin family, as well as the molluscan and arachnid hemocyanins (and their multifunctional roles). Featuring 20 chapters addressing invertebrate and vertebrate respiratory proteins, lipoproteins and other body fluid proteins, and drawing on the editors' extensive research in the field, it is a valuable addition to the Subcellular Biochemistry book series. The book covers a wide range of topics, including lipoprotein structure and lipid transport; diverse annelid, crustacean and insect defense proteins; and insect and vertebrate immune complexes. It also discusses a number of other proteins, such as the hemerythrins; serum albumin; serum amyloid A; von Willebrand factor and its interaction with factor VIII; and C-reactive protein. Given its scope, the book appeals to biologists, biomedical scientists and clinicians, as well as advanced undergraduates and postgraduates in these disciplines. Available as a printed book and also as an e-book and e-chapters, the fascinating material included is easily accessible.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Chapter 1. Annelid Coelomic Fluid Proteins<br/>Chapter 2. Crustacean Hemolymph Lipoproteins<br/>Chapter 3. The Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factors in Crustaceans<br/>Chapter 4. Insect Defense Proteins and Peptides<br/>Chapter 5. Insect Hemolymph Immune Complexes<br/>Chapter 6. Hemoglobin in Arthropods<br/>Daphnia as a Model<br/>Chapter 7. Molluscan Hemocyanins<br/>Chapter 8. Arachnid Hemocyanins<br/>Chapter 9. Multifunctional Roles of Hemocyanins<br/>Chapter 10. Recent Insights into the Diversity and Evolution of Invertebrate Hemerythrins and Extracellular Globins<br/>Chapter 11. Embryonic and Fetal Human Hemoglobins: Structures, Oxygen Binding, and Physiological Roles<br/>Chapter 12. Sickle Cell Hemoglobin<br/>Chapter 13. Multiplicity and Polymorphism of Fish Hemoglobins<br/>Chapter 14. Hemoglobin: Structure, Function and Allostery<br/>Chapter 15. Serum Albumin, Lipid and Drug Binding<br/>Chapter 16. High-density Lipoproteins and Apolipoprotein A1<br/>Chapter 17. Serum Amyloid A (SAA) proteins<br/>Chapter 18. Physiological Roles of the von Willebrand factor-factor VIII interaction<br/>Chapter 19. Antigen-Antibody Complexes<br/>Chapter 20. C-reactive Protein and its Structural Isoforms: An Evolutionary Conserved Marker and Central Player in Inflammatory Diseases and Beyond.

::Summary## "This book provides a comprehensive overview of topics describing the earliest steps of fertilization, from egg activation and fertilization to the activation of the zygotic genome, in various studied vertebrate model systems. The contribution of maternal and paternal factors and their role in the early embryo as parental DNA becomes modified and embryonic genes become activated is fundamental to the initiation of embryogenesis in all animal systems. It can be argued that this is a unique developmental period, when information from the parents is compressed to direct the development of the body plan of the entire organism, a process of astounding simplicity, elegance and beauty. In addition to their fundamental scientific interest, many frontiers of biomedicine, such as reproductive biology, stem cells and reprogramming, and the understanding of intergenerational diseases, depend on advances in our knowledge of these early processes. Vertebrate Development: Maternal to Zygotic Control brings together chapters from experts in various disciplines describing the latest advances related to this important developmental transition. Each chapter is a synthesis of knowledge relevant to all vertebrates, with details on specific systems as well as comparisons between the various studied vertebrate models. The editorial expertise encompasses the fields of major vertebrate model systems (mammalian, amphibian and teleost) ensuring a balanced approach to various topics. This unique book&with its combination of in-depth and up-to-date basic research, inter-species comprehensiveness and emphasis on the very early stages of animal development&is essential for research scientists studying vertebrate development, as well as being a valuable resource for college educators teaching advanced courses in developmental biology"--Publisher's description.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Egg activation at fertilization / Zoltan Machaty, Andrew R. Miller, Lu Zhang<br/>Controlling the messenger: regulated translation of maternal mRNAs in Xenopus laevis development / Michael D. Sheets, Catherine A. Fox, Megan E. Dowdle, Susanne Imboden Blaser [and others]<br/>Regulation of cell division / Andreas Heim, Beata Rymarczyk, Saurav Malhotra, Thomas U. Mayer<br/>Vertebrate embryonic cleavage pattern determination / Andrew Hasley, Shawn Chavez, Michael Danilchik, Martin Wühr, Francisco Pelegri<br/>Localization in oogenesis of maternal regulators of embryonic development / Matias Escobar-Aguirre, Yaniv M. Elkouby, Mary C. Mullins<br/>Vertebrate axial patterning: from egg to asymmetry / Douglas W. Houston<br/>Establishment of the vertebrate germ layers / Wei-Chia Tseng, Mumingjiang Munisha, Juan B. Gutierrez, Scott T. Dougan<br/>Mechanisms of vertebrate germ cell determination / Tristan Aguero, Susannah Kassmer, Ramiro Alberio, Andrew Johnson, Mary Lou King<br/>Cell cycle remodeling and zygotic gene activation at the midblastula transition / Maomao Zhang, Jennifer Skirkanich, Michael A. Lampson, Peter S. Klein<br/>Clearance of parental products / Petr Svoboda, Helena Fulka, Radek Malik.

::Summary## This book addresses the differentiation control of skeletal muscle in different locations of the vertebrate body. Particular attention is paid to novel regulatory molecules and signals as well as to the heterogeneity of origin that have revealed a developmental overlap between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Different functional muscle groups are the product of the evolution of the vertebrate classes, making a phylogenetic comparison worthwhile for understanding the role of muscle stem cells and precursors in myogenesis. New insights into the hierarchy of transcription factors, particularly in the context of these different muscle groups come from detailed investigations of the spatio-temporal and regulatory relationships derived from mouse and zebrafish genetics and avian microsurgery. Importantly, epigenetic mechanisms that have surfaced recently, in particular the role of MyomiRs, are also surveyed. Regarding human patients, encouraging results have been generated that identify parallels between embryonic myogenesis and regenerating myofibers that share regulatory molecules. Interestingly, the heterogeneity in embryonic origins of skeletal muscle groups in the vertebrate including humans is paralleled by their different susceptibility to types of muscle dystrophies. The progress that has been made in the field of muscle stem cell biology, especially on satellite cells, is outlined in this book by experts in the field. The authors review recent insights of the heterogeneous nature of these satellite cells regarding their gene signatures and regeneration potential. An improved understanding of muscle stem cells seems only possible with a view to the cell environment, putting embryological and molecular findings from different vertebrate classes and stem cell approaches into context.<br/>::Contents##<br/>Recruitment of skeletal muscle progenitors to secondary sites: A role for CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling in skeletal muscle development<br/>Hypaxial muscle<br/>controversial classification and controversial data? Skeletal Myogenesis in the Zebrafish and its Implications for Muscle Disease Modeling<br/>Mechanisms of Myogenic Specification and Patterning<br/>The avian embryo as a model system for skeletal myogenesis<br/>Head Muscle Development<br/>The lateral plate mesoderm? a novel source of skeletal muscle<br/>Regulation of skeletal muscle development and disease by microRNAs<br/>Adult skeletal muscle stem cells<br/>Dormancy and quiescence of skeletal muscle stem cells.

::Contents##<br/>Preface<br/>Vertebrate Vocal Production: An Introductory Overview<br/>Fish Sound Production: An Exaptation?<br/>Vocal Sound Production and Acoustic Communication in Amphibians and Reptiles<br/>Locomotion-Induced Sounds and Sonations: Mechanisms, Communication Function, and Relationship with Behavior<br/>Embodied Motor Control of Avian Vocal Production<br/>Biophysics of Vocal Production in Mammals<br/>Infrasonic and Seismic Communication in the Vertebrates with Special Emphasis on the Afrotheria: An Update and Future Directions<br/>Vocal Production by Terrestrial Mammals: Source, Filter, and Function<br/>Vocal Learning and Auditory-Vocal Feedback<br/>Vertebrate Bioacoustics: Prospects and Open Problems.

::Contents##<br/>Part I. Fundamentals<br/>Nomenclature and epidemiology <br/>Basic sciences, clinical evaluation and investigations<br/>Part II. Clinical conditions<br/>Meniere's disease<br/>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)<br/>Vestibular migraine<br/>Cervical vertigo/labyrinthitis/ototoxicity<br/>Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)<br/>Central causes<br/>General causes<br/>Paediatric clinical conditions<br/>Part III. Rehabilitation and ethical issues<br/>Rehabilitation<br/>Vertigo in the elderly: quality of life and some ethical issues.

::Contents##<br/>Ménière recognizes that vertigo can originate from the inner ear<br/>Ménière, a man of many interests<br/>Breuer discovers how the balance portion of the inner ear works<br/>Breuer, the Renaissance man<br/>Breuer's experiments on the semicircular canals and otolith organs<br/>Breuer's contributions to psychiatry and philosophy<br/>Politzer's otology clinic and the discovery of the caloric test<br/>Bárány's formative years and the conflict in Politzer's clinic<br/>The war years and Bárány's decision to leave Vienna<br/>Bárány's test battery and the first description of BPPV<br/>Bárány's life in Uppsala and his work with Lorente de Nó<br/>Hallpike and the pathology of Ménière's disease<br/>Hallpike's formative years<br/>Hallpike's caloric test<br/>Hallpike defines the syndrome of BPPV<br/>Schuknecht and his breakthrough on BPPV<br/>Schuknecht's temporal bone bank in Boston<br/>Schuknecht's crusade against myths in otology<br/>Semont and Epley maneuvers<br/>Evolution of treatment maneuvers for BPPV<br/>Summary and future directions.

::Summary## Many congenitally deaf infants and children suffer vestibular failure, which produces problems with their postural control, locomotion, and gait. However it is known that these children can eventually catch up with their normal balance control status in terms of development and growth as a result of central vestibular compensation. In Vertigo and Balance Disorders in Children the author provides comprehensive and integrative information on the vestibular system. The materials presented range from the history of its study, basic anatomy and physiology of vestibular organs, and the mechanism of balance and motor function development, to clinical aspects of vestibular disorders including their evaluation and pediatric neurology. Although there have been books discussing postural responses of infants and children with vestibular disorders, this is the first to present the influence of peripheral vestibular disorders and central vestibular compensation comprehensively. This book will benefit not only practitioners in this field such as pediatric otolaryngologists, pediatricians, and neurologists treating both children and adults, but also clinical specialists such as neonatologists, physical therapists, and speech therapists, helping them to better care for patients with vestibular failure.

::Contents##<br/>Taking the history of the vertiginous patient / Peter C. Weber<br/>Office examination of the vestibular patient / Jameson K. Mattingly, Laura Wazen, and Stephen P. Cass<br/>Computerized testing of the vestibular patient / Randy Judson and Jessica Galatioto<br/>Radiological studies for the vestibular patient / Kennith F. Layton, John I. Lane, Robert J. Witte, and Colin L.W. Driscoll<br/>Surgical anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system / Douglas D. Backous and Francois Cloutier<br/>Laboratory testing in the diagnosis and treatment of dizziness / Mikhaylo Szczupak and Michael E. Hoffer<br/>Meniere's disease / Sujana S. Chandrasekhar<br/>Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / Judith A. White<br/>The pathology and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo / Richard R. Gacek<br/>Labyrinthitis / Sean O. McMenomey and Samuel P. Gubbels<br/>Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome / Cameron C. Wick, Cliff A. Megerian, Nauman F. Manzoor, and Maroun T. Semaan<br/>Autoimmune vestibular dysfunction, perilymph fistulas, Mal de Debarquement syndrome, and alcohol-related dizziness / Louis M. Hofmeyr<br/>Allergy and autonomic dizziness / Louis M. Hofmeyr and Marcelle Groenewald<br/>Aging : balance and vestibular disorders / Yael Raz<br/>Congenital and pediatric vestibular disorders / Kathryn Y. Noonan and James E. Saunders<br/>Migraines as a source of vestibular disorders : diagnosis and management / Ana H. Kim and Michele Gandolfi<br/>Rare causes of unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy / Alan G. Micco<br/>Central vertigo and disequilibrium / Peter C. Weber and Samuel C. Levine<br/>Medications used in treating acute and chronic vertigo and various vestibular disorders / Candice C. Colby and Tina C. Huang<br/>Vestibular rehabilitation / Bryan D. Hujsak<br/>Implantable vestibular devices / Justin S. Golub.