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- ArticleKariyam, Abdurakhman, Effendie AR.MethodsX. 2023;10:102084.Most existing methods of determining the number of groups apply to particular data types or are calculated based on the distance matrix for all object pairs. In this paper, we propose a medoid-based Deviation Ratio Index (DRI) to determine the number of clusters. The DRI is calculated based on the distance matrix for each object to k final medoids. These final medoids are produced by the block-based k -medoids algorithm (BlockD-KM). We choose a specific transformation and a suitable distance for certain variables before executing the BlockD-KM. We illustrated the detailed stages of DRI on secondary data in the 2022 environmental index of Asia Pacific countries, so that they are easy to reproduce. We use eight real datasets, namely Breast Cancer, Heart Disease, Iris, Wine, Soybean, Ionosphere, Vote, and Credit Approval data, to validate the DRI method. We compare the DRI method with the Calinski-Harabaz (CH) and the Silhouette index. The experimental results show that the DRI is 100% correct in predicting the number of clusters. While the CH index correctly predicts 62.5% and the Silhouette index of 75%. We also generated three kinds of artificial data to evaluate the proposed method, and 76.7% of the experiments were predicted correctly.•The medoid-based deviation ratio index aids the researcher in determining the number of clusters•The DRI method applicable to any medoids-based partitioning algorithm•This method is suitable for all data types (categorical, numerical, and mixed).
- ArticleHai HT, Sabiiti W, Thu DDA, Phu NH, Gillespie SH, Thwaites GE, Thuong NTT.Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2021 05;128:102084.New tools to monitor treatment response and predict outcome from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are urgently required. We retrospectively evaluated the 16S rRNA-based molecular bacterial load assay (MBLA) to quantify viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from adults with TBM. 187 CSF samples were collected before and during the first two months of treatment from 99 adults TBM, comprising 56 definite, 43 probable or possible TBM, and 18 non-TBM and preserved at -80°C prior to MBLA. We compared MBLA against MGIT culture, GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear. Before treatment, MBLA was positive in 34/99 (34.3%), significantly lower than MGIT 47/99 (47.5%), Xpert 51/99 (51.5%) and ZN smear 55/99 (55.5%). After one month of treatment, MBLA and MGIT were positive in 3/38 (7.9%) and 4/38 (10.5%), respectively, whereas Xpert and ZN smear remained positive in 19/38 (50.0%) and 18/38 (47.4%). In summary, MBLA was less likely to detect CSF bacteria before the start of treatment compared with MGIT culture, Xpert and ZN smear. MBLA and MGIT positivity fell during treatment because of detecting only viable bacteria, whereas Xpert and ZN smear remained positive for longer because of detecting both live and dead bacteria. Sample storage and processing may have reduced MBLA-detectable viable bacteria; and sampling earlier in treatment may yield more useful results. Prospective studies with CSF sampling after 1-2 weeks are warranted.
- ArticleWilcox CE, Brett ME, Calhoun VD.Neuroimage Clin. 2020;26:102084.
- ArticleChan DNS, Law BMH, Au DWH, So WKW, Fan N.Cancer Epidemiol. 2022 02;76:102084.Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) may require assistance in accessing healthcare services, including cancer screening. A better understanding of the factors affecting cancer screening utilisation among these individuals is needed for the development of strategies to promote screening uptake in them. This review aimed to explore the facilitators of and barriers to cancer screening utilisation among people with ID. A literature search was conducted using five databases, and an additional snowball search yielded 16 studies for inclusion in the review. Overall, the methodological quality of these studies was good (43-100%). In this review, we noted barriers to screening among individuals with ID, including perceptions of fear, distress, and embarrassment; unpreparedness for screening; negative interactions with healthcare professionals; a lack of knowledge about cancer screening; mobility issues; a high severity of ID; and a lack of ability to provide consent and communicate verbally. Facilitators to screening among these individuals were also identified, including living in a supervised setting, prior use of other healthcare services, being educated about screening via social media, having carers accompany them to screening appointments, and having dual insurance coverage or a higher income. Our review highlights the current needs of individuals with ID undergoing cancer screening. Strategies should be developed to address these needs, such as the provision of training to healthcare professionals on how to conduct screening for people with ID.
- ArticleWang ZY, Guo MQ, Cui QK, Yuan H, Shan-Ji Fu, Liu B, Xie F, Qiao W, Cheng J, Wang Y, Zhang MX.Redox Biol. 2021 10;46:102084.Diabetes mellitus (DM) promotes neointimal hyperplasia, characterized by dysregulated proliferation and accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to occlusive disorders, such as atherosclerosis and stenosis. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), reported as a crucial mediator in tumor proliferation and transformation, has a pivotal role in DM. Nonetheless, the function and potential mechanism of PARP1 in diabetic neointimal hyperplasia remain unclear. In this study, we constructed PARP1 conventional knockout (PARP1-/-) mice, and ligation of the left common carotid artery was performed to induce neointimal hyperplasia in Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mouse models. PARP1 expression in the aorta arteries of T1DM mice increased significantly and genetic deletion of PARP1 showed an inhibitory effect on the neointimal hyperplasia. Furthermore, our results revealed that PARP1 enhanced diabetic neointimal hyperplasia via downregulating tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI2), a suppressor of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, in which PARP1 acts as a negative transcription factor augmenting TFPI2 promoter DNA methylation. In conclusion, these results suggested that PARP1 accelerates the process of hyperglycemia-induced neointimal hyperplasia via promoting VSMCs proliferation and migration in a TFPI2 dependent manner.
- ArticleYang X.Neuropeptides. 2020 Oct;83:102084.The Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare developmental disorder that contributed by multiple genes. Phenotypically, infants with PWS exhibit hypotonia and developmental delay, whilst older children and adults have cognitive impairments, neuropsychiatric symptoms, impaired motor development, neurological anomalies, endocrine dysfunctions like growth hormone (GH) deficiency, and hyperphagia that leads to obesity. Although mechanisms remain elusive, GH treatment has been recommended as the standard treatment for PWS children. In addition to better motor development, improved body composition and linear growth have been well established, but mental flexibility and behavioural problems remained largely untouched. This review will systemically analyze the recent clinical trials of GH treatment on PWS patients. The emphasis is on the mental and behavioural improvements by GH treatment, and a few concerns to initiate GH treatment. This review will finally propose possible future explorations on basic studies that may shed new light on clinical trials of GH treatment on PWS.
- ArticleGupta S, Kanaujia R, Angrup A, Agrahari A, Chhabra R, Manoj RK.Anaerobe. 2020 Feb;61:102084.Brain abscess remains a life-threatening condition. Here, we are reporting a case of brain abscess due to Fusobacterium nucleatum in a previously known case of Ebstein anomaly. A 44-year-old male presented with the complaints of headache, and fever. Cerebral imaging revealed parieto-occipital (PO) abscess. The abscess was drained and culture showed growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum. This report illustrates the importance of considering anaerobes as the cause of brain abscess, underscores the usefulness of MALDI, which facilitated the selection of appropriate and prompt adjuvant antibiotic therapy and a favourable outcome.
- ArticleMaxwell L, Nava T, Norrish A, Kobezda T, Pizzimenti M, Brassett C, Pasapula C.Foot (Edinb). 2024 Jun;59:102084.BACKGROUND: Talar neck fractures are rare but potentially devastating injuries, with early reduction and rigid fixation essential to facilitate union and prevent avascular necrosis. Even small degrees of malunion will alter load transmission and subtalar joint kinematics. Changes in fixation techniques have led to dual plating strategies. While locked plating has perceived advantages in porotic bone and comminution, its biomechanical benefits in talar neck fractures have not been shown.
AIM: To compare the strength of locking vs. non-locking plate fixation in comminuted talar neck fractures.
METHOD: Seven pairs of cadaveric tali were randomised to locking or non-locking plate fixation. A standardised model of talar neck fracture with medial comminution was created, and fixation performed. The fixed specimens were mounted onto a motorised testing device, and an axial load applied.
RESULTS: Peak load to failure, deformation at failure, work done to achieve failure, and stiffness of the constructs were measured. No statistically significant difference was found between locking and non-locking constructs for all parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: Both constructs provide similar strength to failure in talar neck fracture fixations. Mean peak load to failure did not exceed the theoretical maximum forces generated of 1.1 kN when weight-bearing. We would advocate caution with early mobilisation in both fixations. - ArticleDunn BD, Widnall E, Warbrick L, Warner F, Reed N, Price A, Kock M, Courboin C, Stevens R, Wright K, Moberly NJ, Geschwind N, Owens C, Spencer A, Campbell J, Kuyken W.EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Jul;61:102084.Background: Anhedonia (reduced interest/pleasure) symptoms and wellbeing deficits are core to depression and predict a poor prognosis. Current depression psychotherapies fail to target these features adequately, contributing to sub-optimal outcomes. Augmented Depression Therapy (ADepT) has been developed to target anhedonia and wellbeing. We aimed to establish clinical and economic proof of concept for ADepT and to examine feasibility of a future definitive trial comparing ADepT to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
Methods: In this single-centre, open-label, parallel-group, pilot randomised controlled trial, adults meeting diagnostic criteria for a current major depressive episode, scoring ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and exhibiting anhedonic features (PHQ-9 item 1 ≥ 2) were recruited primarily from high intensity Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) service waiting lists in Devon, UK. Participants were randomised to receive 20 sessions of CBT or ADepT, using a mimimisation algorithm to balance depression severity and antidepressant use between groups. Treatment was delivered in an out-patient university-based specialist mood disorder clinic. Researcher-blinded assessments were completed at intake and six, 12, and 18 months. Co-primary outcomes were depression (PHQ-9) and wellbeing (Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale) at 6 months. Primary clinical proof-of-concept analyses were intention to treat. Feasibility (including safety) and health economic analyses used complete case data. This trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN85278228.
Findings: Between 3/29/2017 and 7/31/2018, 82 individuals were recruited (102% of target sample) and 41 individuals were allocated to each arm. A minimum adequate treatment dose was completed by 36/41 (88%) of CBT and 35/41 (85%) of ADepT participants. There were two serious adverse events in each arm (primarily suicide attempts; none of which were judged to be trial- or treatment-related), with no other evidence of harms. Intake and six-month primary outcome data was available for 37/41 (90%) CBT participants and 32/41 (78%) ADepT participants. Between-group effects favoured ADepT over CBT for depression (meanΔ = -1.35, 95% CI = -3.70, 1.00, d = 0.23) and wellbeing (meanΔ = 2.64, 95% CI = -1.71, 6.99, d = 0.27). At 18 months, the advantage of ADepT over CBT was preserved and ADepT had a >80% probability of cost-effectiveness.
Interpretation: These findings provide proof of concept for ADepT and warrant continuation to definitive trial.
Funding: NIHR Career Development Fellowship. - ArticleSizek H, Deritei D, Fleig K, Harris M, Regan PL, Glass K, Regan ER.Transl Oncol. 2024 Nov;49:102084.The steady accumulation of senescent cells with aging creates tissue environments that aid cancer evolution. Aging cell states are highly heterogeneous. 'Deep senescent' cells rely on healthy mitochondria to fuel a strong proinflammatory secretome, including cytokines, growth and transforming signals. Yet, the physiological triggers of senescence such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) can also trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, and sufficient energy deficit to alter their secretome and cause chronic oxidative stress - a state termed Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Senescence (MiDAS). Here, we offer a mechanistic hypothesis for the molecular processes leading to MiDAS, along with testable predictions. To do this we have built a Boolean regulatory network model that qualitatively captures key aspects of mitochondrial dynamics during cell cycle progression (hyper-fusion at the G1/S boundary, fission in mitosis), apoptosis (fission and dysfunction) and glucose starvation (reversible hyper-fusion), as well as MiDAS in response to SIRT3 knockdown or oxidative stress. Our model reaffirms the protective role of NAD+ and external pyruvate. We offer testable predictions about the growth factor- and glucose-dependence of MiDAS and its reversibility at different stages of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced senescence. Our model provides mechanistic insights into the distinct stages of DNA-damage induced senescence, the relationship between senescence and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer and offers a foundation for building multiscale models of tissue aging.
- ArticleDomhardt M, Nowak H, Engler S, Baumel A, Grund S, Mayer A, Terhorst Y, Baumeister H.Clin Psychol Rev. 2021 12;90:102084.While the efficacy of Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) for treating anxiety disorders is well established, there is no comprehensive overview about the underlying therapeutic processes so far. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated research on mediators and mechanisms of change in IMIs for adult anxiety disorders (PROSPERO: CRD42020185545). A systematic literature search was performed in five databases (i.e., CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ClinicalTrials.gov). Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion, assessed the risk of bias and adherence to quality criteria for process research. Overall, 26 studies (N = 6042) investigating 64 mediators were included. Samples consisted predominantly of participants with clinically relevant symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and severe health anxiety, as well as of participants with non-clinically relevant anxiety symptoms. The largest group of examined mediators (45%) were cognitive variables, evincing also the second highest proportion of significance (19/29); followed in numbers by skills (examined: 22%; significant: 10/14) and a wide range of other (19%; 7/12), emotional/affective (11%; 2/7) and behavioral mediators (3%; 1/2). Meta-analytical synthesis of mediators, limited by a small number of eligible studies, was conducted by deploying a two-stage structural equation modeling approach, resulting in a significant indirect effect for negative thinking (k = 3 studies) and non-significant indirect effects for combined cognitive variables, both in clinical (k = 5) and non-clinical samples (k = 3). The findings of this review might further the understanding on presumed change mechanisms in IMIs for anxiety, informing intervention development and the concurrent optimization of outcomes. Furthermore, by reviewing eligible mediation studies, we discuss methodological implications and recommendations for future process research, striving for causally robust findings. Future studies should investigate a broader range of variables as potential mediators, as well as to develop and apply original (digital) process and engagement measures to gather qualitative and high-resolution data on therapeutic processes.
- ArticleIsallari M, Rekik I.Med Image Anal. 2021 07;71:102084.Brain image analysis has advanced substantially in recent years with the proliferation of neuroimaging datasets acquired at different resolutions. While research on brain image super-resolution has undergone a rapid development in the recent years, brain graph super-resolution is still poorly investigated because of the complex nature of non-Euclidean graph data. In this paper, we propose the first-ever deep graph super-resolution (GSR) framework that attempts to automatically generate high-resolution (HR) brain graphs with N' nodes (i.e., anatomical regions of interest (ROIs)) from low-resolution (LR) graphs with N nodes where N<N'. First, we formalize our GSR problem as a node feature embedding learning task. Once the HR nodes' embeddings are learned, the pairwise connectivity strength between brain ROIs can be derived through an aggregation rule based on a novel Graph U-Net architecture. While typically the Graph U-Net is a node-focused architecture where graph embedding depends mainly on node attributes, we propose a graph-focused architecture where the node feature embedding is based on the graph topology. Second, inspired by graph spectral theory, we break the symmetry of the U-Net architecture by super-resolving the low-resolution brain graph structure and node content with a GSR layer and two graph convolutional network layers to further learn the node embeddings in the HR graph. Third, to handle the domain shift between the ground-truth and the predicted HR brain graphs, we incorporate adversarial regularization to align their respective distributions. Our proposed AGSR-Net framework outperformed its variants for predicting high-resolution functional brain graphs from low-resolution ones. Our AGSR-Net code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/basiralab/AGSR-Net.
- ArticleMukherjee S, Gagne AL, Maguire JA, Jobaliya CD, Mills JA, Gadue P, French DL.Stem Cell Res. 2020 12;49:102084.The CHOPWT4 iPSC line was generated as a control for applications such as differentiation analyses to the three germ layers and derivative tissues. Human foreskin fibroblasts were reprogrammed using the non-integrating Sendai virus expressing Oct3/4, Sox2, c-myc, and Klf4.
- ArticleEsposito M, Liberto A, Zuccarello P, Ministeri F, Licciardello G, Barbera N, Sessa F, Salerno M.Leg Med (Tokyo). 2022 Sep;58:102084.The purpose of this study is to show a very rare complication of acute cocaine poisoning, namely heart rupture. In the present case report, acute cocaine intoxication caused massive myocardial infarction, resulting in heart rupture and cardiac tamponade. A crime scene investigation found a dead body on the street in a drug dealing district. Examination of the body showed no external injuries. A thorough autopsy was performed showing massive cardiac tamponade with 510 ml of blood within the pericardium and full-thickness tissue lesion at the posterior wall of the left ventricle of 3.5 × 3 cm. Histological examination in hematoxylin and eosin was performed and confirmed the interruption of the posterior wall of the left ventricle with the presence of blood. In fact, although the correlation between cocaine and myocardial damage is well established, the relationship between heart rupture and acute cocaine intoxication is an extremely rare event. Moreover, since there are, to date, few reports of similar deaths, our report provides useful information regarding sudden death in a cocaine abuser. It is, therefore, of crucial importance to report this case to the scientific community.
- ArticleVan der Pijl RJ, Ma W, Lewis CTA, Haar L, Buhl A, Farman GP, Rhodehamel M, Jani VP, Nelson OL, Zhang C, Granzier H, Ochala J.Mol Metab. 2024 Dec 16;92:102084.AIM: The aim of the present study was to define whether cardiac myosin contributes to energy conservation in the heart of hibernating mammals.
METHODS: Thin cardiac strips were isolated from the left ventricles of active and hibernating grizzly bears; and subjected to loaded Mant-ATP chase assays, X-ray diffraction and proteomics.
MAIN FINDINGS: Hibernating grizzly bears displayed an unusually high proportion of ATP-conserving super-relaxed cardiac myosin molecules that are likely due to altered levels of phosphorylation and rod region stability.
CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac myosin depresses the heart's energetic demand during hibernation by modulating its function. - ArticleTural Önür S, Karaca Şenkal K.Respir Med Case Rep. 2024;51:102084.Introduction: Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, characterized by reduced synthesis of a serine protease inhibitor in liver cells, has been recognized to contribute to the development of emphysema and liver disease. Additional clinical manifestations encompassing respiratory disorders and dermatological issues have also been documented.
Case: A 56-year-old male patient presented with dyspnea. Despite being a non-smoker, he had a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) five years ago. Utilizing inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) - long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs)- long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) inhalers, the patient's medical treatment had ceased for the past four months due to inhaler depletion. High-resolution thoracic computed tomography unveiled bilateral emphysematous regions, predominantly located in the lower pulmonary lobes. In light of the absence of smoking history, the suspicion of AAT deficiency was raised, prompting the assessment of serum AAT levels. Subsequent analysis indicated diminished AAT levels, prompting the collection of a dried blood sample for genetic evaluation. Genomic DNA amplification was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), succeeded by allele-specific hybridization via Luminex XMAP Technology. This analysis disclosed a Q0amersfoort (Exon 2 Y160TAC > Ter TAG) (+/+) variant linked with AAT deficiency, originating from a frame-shift mutation that triggers a null (Q0amersfoort) stop codon.
Conclusion: The presentation of COPD-related emphysema in a non-smoker underscores the necessity to consider AAT deficiency in the differential diagnosis. - ArticleBiały S, Siemaszko J, Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka M, Fidyk W, Solarska I, Nasiłowska-Adamska B, Skowrońska P, Bieniaszewska M, Tomaszewska A, Basak GW, Giebel S, Wróbel T, Bogunia-Kubik K.Transpl Immunol. 2024 Aug;85:102084.BACKGROUND: T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) molecule is a key regulator of the immune response by exerting an inhibitory effect on various types of immune cells. Understanding the role of TIM-3 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may improve transplant outcomes. Our study evaluated the potential association between TIM-3 polymorphisms, namely rs1036199 (A > C) or rs10515746 (C > A), changes which are located in exon 3 and the promoter region of the TIM-3 gene, and post-HSCT outcomes.
METHODS: One-hundred and twenty allogeneic HSCT patients and their respective donors were enrolled and genotyped for TIM-3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using real-time PCR with TaqMan assays.
RESULTS: We found that the presence of the rare alleles and heterozygous genotypes of studied SNP in recipients tended to protect against or increase the risk for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD). For the rs1036199 polymorphism, recipients with the AC heterozygous genotype (p = 0.0287) or carrying the rarer C allele (p = 0.0334) showed a lower frequency of aGvHD development along all I-IV grades. A similar association was detected for the rs10515746 polymorphism as recipients with the CA genotype (p = 0.0095) or the recessive A allele (p = 0.0117) less frequently developed aGvHD. Furthermore, the rarer A allele of rs10515746 SNP was also associated with a prolonged aGvHD-free survival (p = 0.0424). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was more common in patients transplanted with TIM-3 rs10515746 mismatched donors (p = 0.0229) and this association was also found to be independent of HLA incompatibility and pre-transplant CMV-IgG status. Multivariate analyses confirmed the role of these recessive alleles and donor-recipient TIM-3 incompatibility as an independent factor in aGvHD and CMV development.
CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of TIM-3 molecule may affect the immune response in HSCT patients. The recessive alleles of rs1036199 and rs10515746 SNPs decreased the risk of developing aGvHD. TIM-3 donor-recipient genetic matching may also affect the risk of post-transplant CMV infection, indicating the potential value of genetic profiling in optimizing transplant strategies. - ArticleAl-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Rafeeq MF.Ageing Res Rev. 2023 11;91:102084.It has been illustrated that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. Components of MetS including central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia adversely affect the pathogenesis of AD by different mechanisms including activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), inflammatory signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, brain IR, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. MetS exacerbates AD neuropathology, and targeting of molecular pathways in MetS by pharmacological approach could a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of AD in high risk group. However, the underlying mechanisms of these pathways in AD neuropathology are not completely clarified. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the association between MetS and AD regarding the oxidative and inflammatory mechanistic pathways.
- ArticleLin M, Wang C, Wu W, Miao Q, Guo Z.Food Chem X. 2025 Jan;25:102084.Steam explosion (SE) and cellulase treatment are potentially effective processing methods for Dictyophora indusiata by-products, for use in high-value applications. The treatment conditions were optimized by response surface methodology, increasing the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) yield by 1.52 and 1.16 times after the SE and cellulase treatments, respectively. The both treatments did not affect the functional groups and crystal types of the polysachharides, but both reduced the crystallinity. The SDF had a porous microstructure, which would increase the specific surface area and facilitates the adsorption of water and glucose, thereby improving its functional properties. SE and cellulase treatment significantly improved the hydration capacity of SDF; the glucose adsorption capacity increased by 1.15 and 1.07 times, respectively. Overall, the modified SDF showed different degrees of advantages in terms of yield, physicochemical and functionality. This study demonstrated that SE and cellulase are effective modification methods for SDF made from D. indusiata by-products.
- ArticleHafsi M, Preveral S, Hoog C, Hérault J, Perrier GA, Lefèvre CT, Michel H, Pignol D, Doyen J, Pourcher T, Humbert O, Thariat J, Cambien B.Nanomedicine. 2020 01;23:102084.Although chemically synthesized ferro/ferrimagnetic nanoparticles have attracted great attention in cancer theranostics, they lack radio-enhancement efficacy due to low targeting and internalization ability. Herein, we investigated the potential of RGD-tagged magnetosomes, bacterial biogenic magnetic nanoparticles naturally coated with a biological membrane and genetically engineered to express an RGD peptide, as tumor radioenhancers for conventional radiotherapy and proton therapy. Although native and RGD-magnetosomes similarly enhanced radiation-induced damage to plasmid DNA, RGD-magnetoprobes were able to boost the efficacy of radiotherapy to a much larger extent than native magnetosomes both on cancer cells and in tumors. Combined to magnetosomes@RGD, proton therapy exceeded the efficacy of X-rays at equivalent doses. Also, increased secondary emissions were measured after irradiation of magnetosomes with protons versus photons. Our results indicate the therapeutic advantage of using functionalized magnetoparticles to sensitize tumors to both X-rays and protons and strengthen the case for developing biogenic magnetoparticles for multimodal nanomedicine in cancer therapy.