ArticleMaverakis E, Merleev AA, Park D, Kailemia MJ, Xu G, Ruhaak LR, Kim K, Hong Q, Li Q, Leung P, Liakos W, Wan YY, Bowlus CL, Marusina AI, Lal NN, Xie Y, Luxardi G, Lebrilla CB.
Clin Immunol. 2021 09;230:108825.
We have recently introduced multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry as a novel tool for glycan biomarker research and discovery. Herein, we employ this technique to characterize the site-specific glycan alterations associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Glycopeptides associated with disease severity were also identified. Multinomial regression modelling was employed to construct and validate multi-analyte diagnostic models capable of accurately distinguishing PBC, PSC, and healthy controls from one another (AUC = 0.93 ± 0.03). Finally, to investigate how disease-relevant environmental factors can influence glycosylation, we characterized the ability of bile acids known to be differentially expressed in PBC to alter glycosylation. We hypothesize that this could be a mechanism by which altered self-antigens are generated and become targets for immune attack. This work demonstrates the utility of the MRM method to identify diagnostic site-specific glycan classifiers capable of distinguishing even related autoimmune diseases from one another.