BookAlex P. Michael, Christian Otto, Millard F. Reschke, Alan R. Hargens, editors.
Summary: This book consolidates the current knowledge of how short and long-duration spaceflight affects the anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system. It also incorporates the methodology and constraints of studying the central nervous system in space. Chapters detail advances in imaging techniques available to assess intracranial and intraocular pathology as well as translational medicine with an emphasis on brain cancer and neurodegenerative disease in spaceflight. Additionally, the book offers theoretical background information, tested laboratory protocols, and step-by-step methods for reproducible lab experiments to aid neuroscientists and neurobiologists in laboratory testing and experimentation. Spaceflight and the Central Nervous System is the first to comprehensively include all aspects of spaceflight-induced changes in the central nervous system. It is an invaluable resource for basic and clinical laboratory trainees and researchers in aerospace medicine and physiology or for those looking to gain specific knowledge in spaceflight neuroscience.
Contents:
Intro
Contents
1: History of Spaceflight and the Central Nervous System
Introduction
Early Discoveries
Early Rocket Science
Early Space Exploration
The Soviet Union
The United States
Early Space Stations
International Cooperation
Development of International Organizations
The International Space Station
History of Spaceflight Medicine
Aerospace Medicine Organizations
Initial Spaceflight Medical Problems
Long-Duration Spaceflight
Conclusion
References
2: Cardiovascular Physiology and Fluid Shifts in Space The Cardiovascular System on Earth and in Space
General Concepts of the Circulatory System on Earth and in Space
Basic Concepts of Blood-Brain Barrier
Adaptations to Microgravity
Acute Adaptations and Microgravity-Induced Fluid Shift
Long-Term Adaptations
Circulation and the Central Nervous System
Endothelial Dysfunction
CSF Hydrodynamics and Brain and Neck Venous Congestion
CSF Hydrodynamics Circulation on Earth and in Space
Brain and Neck Venous Congestion
Space Adaptation Syndrome (SMS)
Visual Impairment Intracranial Pressure Syndrome Integrated Physiologic Countermeasures
Artificial Gravity
Lower Body Negative Pressure With and Without Exercise
Coagulation and LBNP
Sodium Intake
References
3: Effects of Microgravity and Space Radiation on the Nervous System
Introduction
Effects of Microgravity on Neurobiology
Spaceflight-Induced Intracranial Hypertension
Space Motion Sickness
Radiological Changes (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in Brain Tissue After Microgravity Exposure
Effects of Microgravity on the Vestibular System
Effects of Space Radiation on the Nervous System
Conclusion Cognition upon Return to Earth
Neuromapping
Summary
Potential Positive Effects
Risk Mitigation Strategies
Future Directions
References
5: Spine Biomechanics and Pathology
History of Back Pain and Spinal Injury Associated with Spaceflight
Comparing Epidemiology of Spaceflight-Related Low Back Pain to Terrestrial Low Back Pain
Spinal Anatomy Affected by Gravitational Load
Intervertebral Discs
Paraspinal Muscles
Changes in Spinal Biomechanics During and After Spaceflight
Backpain and Spaceflight
Pain Pathways for Low Back Pain