BookPeter L. Elkin, editor.
Summary: This set of teaching notes provides extensive guidance for educators related to its sister title and contains numerous tools and questions to help educators provide didactics and evaluation of students in this essential area of biomedical informatics. This is needed to understand the central topics of ontology, terminology and terminological systems in healthcare. Twenty-five years ago the notion that ontology would be essential to knowledge representation in healthcare was all but unknown. Almost all important terminologies and many ontologies are now in wide use and are growing in importance. With no general model of what a ontology and terminology should be, there are an increasing number of tools to support ontology / terminology development, implementation and maintenance. Steady progress since then has improved both ontology / terminology content and the technology and processes used to sustain that content. Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations: Teaching Guide and Notes provides extensive teaching materials to accompany Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations . It provides further definition of the topic and explains the use of reference terminologies needed to use them safely. It contains questions and explanations from each section of the textbook, making it easier to use the text in teaching Health Informatics students. The authors also provide supplementary information about the questions, their relevance and their relation to other concepts. This book augments Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations by assisting the understanding of terminology services and the architecture for terminological servers, and consequently serves as an essential tool for educators in their efforts to teach students in their study of health informatics.
Contents:
Introduction
History of Terminology and Ontology
Knowledge Representation and the Logical Basis of Ontology
Theoretical Foundations of Terminology
Terminology Requirements and Standards Development
Terminology Design
Maintenance
Quality Control
Realism Based Ontology
What is an ontology?
Ontology vs. terminology
Ontology vs. taxonomy
Ontologies and databases
Ontology and the Semantic Web
Ontology in biomedical informatics
Bad ontologies
The concept orientation
Why ontologies so often fail
Recipes for success
Examples of successful ontologies and of how they are being used
The place of Referent Tracking in Biomedical Informatics
Introduction: what is Referent Tracking (RT)? How does it relate to ontology? What does it aim to achieve? Why does it matter?
Basic principles: how RT is build on top of three important distinctions made in realism-based ontology: particulars types, continuants occurrents, referents references
Syntax and semantics of RT-expressions
RT as a development tool for ontologies
Using RT to detect and prevent flaws in scientific research and ambiguities and inconsistencies in reports and papers
RT as a solution for semantic interoperability
Werner Ceusters
Bioontology in Service of Translational Science
Introduction to Bioontologies and the OBO Foundry
The Gene Ontology
Overview of GO Content and Structure
GO annotation
Term Enrichment/Pathway Analysis
Success Stories
Challenges
Bioontologies and Data Annotation Systems
ImmPort/HIPC
Kidney Precision Medicine Project
GEO and Array Express
Disease and Phenotype Annotation for Translational Studies
Use of Ontologies at Mouse Genome Informatics
HPO and the Monarch Project
Compositionality: An Implementation Guide
Interface Terminologies
SNOMED CT
RxNorm and NDF-RT and ATC codes
LOINC
SOLOR
ICD
CPT
HCC Codes / Risk Adjustment and MACRA / MIPS
DRGs
NCI EVS
Nursing Terminologies
RED / MED
UMLS Metathesauras and knowledge sources
Terminological Systems
HL7 FHIR and APIs
Lessons Learned and Suggested Research Agenda
The future of coding and coding systems
Conclusion.