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  • Book
    American Academy of Pediatrics
    Summary: The American Academy of Pediatrics celebrates its 90th year in 2020. This collection of articles reprinted from AAP News recaps the Academy's accomplishments by decade and illustrates the organization's remarkably consistent goal of ensuring better health for all children. Highlights include Academy programs to prevent injury, promote immunization, provide professional and public education, create standards for child health, and advocate for legislation that benefits children at the national and local level.

    Contents:
    The American Academy of Pediatrics: 90 Years of Caring for Children 1930-2020
    Table of Contents
    Marking History...Making History
    Preface
    The 1920s: Many societal factors converged as founders organized the AAP
    The 1930s: AAP organizational efforts, growth of pediatrics flourished in 1930s
    The 1940s: Amid war in 1940s, AAP extended influence,undertook major child health study
    The 1950s: AAP jumpstarts injury prevention efforts in 1950s,with nationwide impact
    The 1960s: Tumultuous decade of the 1960s ushers in Head Start, medical achievements The 1970s: In the 1970s, AAP reaffirms mission, doubles membership,opens D.C. office
    The 1980s: AAP built new headquarters, helped ensure future vaccine supply
    The 1990s: In the 1990s, the AAP pushed access to care, helped slash SIDS rates
    The 2000s: AAP focused on health coverage, disaster readiness, obesity in early 2000s
    The 2010s: Laying the groundwork for the future, AAP tackles challenges of 2010-'20
    Our Mission Endures and Our Work Continues
    The Children's Charter
    Articles of Incorporation
    Membership Invitation
    Early Membership Form
    AAP Headquarters 1930-2020
    Digital Access AAP ebooks 2020
  • Article
    Trosko JE, Chang CC.
    Q Rev Biol. 1978 Jun;53(2):115-41.
    An integrative theory is proposed in which environmental carcinogenesis is viewed as a process by which the genetic control of cell division and differentiation is altered by carcinogens. In this theory, carcinogens include physical, chemical, and viral "mutagens," as well as chemical and viral gene modulators. Existing explanations of carcinogenesis can be considered either as somatic mutation theories or as epigenetic theories. Evidence seems to support the hypothesis that both mutations and epigenetic processes are components of carcinogenesis. The mutational basis of cancer is supported by the clonal nature of tumors, the mutagenicity of most carcinogens, high mutation frequencies in cells of cancer-prone human fibroblasts lacking DNA repair enzymes, the correlation of in vitro DNA damage and in vitro mutation and transformation frequencies with in vivo tumorigenesis, age-related incidences of various hereditary tumors, and the correlation between photoreactivation of DNA damage and the biological amelioration of UV-induced neoplasms. Since both mutagens and gene modulators can be carcinogenic it may be that carcinogens affect genes which control cell division. An integration of the mutation and epigenetic theories of cancer with the "two-stage" theory and Comings's general theory of carcinogenesis is proposed. This integrative theory postulates that carcinogens can affect regulatory genes which control a series of "transforming genes." A general hypothesis is advanced that involves a common mechanism of somatic mutagenesis via error-prone repair of DNA damage which links carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, atherosclerosis and aging. Various concepts are presented to provide a framework for evaluating the scientific, medical, and social implications of cancer.
    Digital Access Access Options