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  • Book
    Amir A. Hakimi, Thomas E. Milner, Govind R. Rajan, Brian J-F Wong, editors.
    Summary: The surge in COVID-19 cases leading to hospitalizations around the world quickly depleted hospital resources and reserves, forcing physicians to make extremely difficult life-or-death decisions on ventilator allocation between patients. Leaders in academia and industry have developed numerous ventilator support systems using both consumer- and industry-grade hardware to sustain life and to provide intermediate respiratory relief for hospitalized patients. This book is the first of its kind to discuss the respiratory pathophysiology underlying COVID-19, explain ventilator mechanics, provide and evaluate a repository of innovative ventilator support devices conceived amid the pandemic, and explain both hardware and software components necessary to develop an inexpensive ventilator support device. This book serves both as a historical record of the collaborative and innovative response to the anticipated ventilator shortage during the COVID-19 pandemic and as a guide for physicians, engineers, and DIY'ers interested in developing inexpensive transitory ventilator support devices. Provides a qualitative appraisal of numerous transitory ventilator devices developed and/or used during the COVID-19 pandemic including non-invasive ventilation; Explores the mechanics, considerations, and concerns of emergency ventilator components; Provides a detailed framework for beginners and experts alike to develop their own emergency ventilation systems.

    Contents:
    History of ventilator devices
    Ventilator splitters: requirements and feasibility
    SARS CoV-2 transmission and innovative protective barriers
    What is a bridge ventilator and why is it needed?
    Fundamental requirements for a bridge ventilator
    Categorization for emergency ventilators amid COVID-19 pandemic
    Mechanics of resuscitation bag
    How to compress a bag: an overview of mechanical and pneumatic methods
    Choosing the right motor: considerations and concerns
    Re-purposing positive airway pressure machines (CPAP and BiPAP) for ventilators
    The role of non-invasive ventilation to treat COVID-19 induced lung disease
    Categorization of non-invasive ventilators amid the COVID-19 pandemic
    An appraisal of FDA-approved emergency ventilator designs
    DIY: A detailed guide to build your own bridge ventilator
    Regulatory considerations for ventilator production
    Post-regulatory concerns: liability, risk mitigation, and more.
    Digital Access Springer 2022
  • Article
    Larson BL.
    J Dairy Sci. 1978 Jul;61(7):1023-9.
    The dairy goat has been used widely in lactation research due in large part to availability, convenience in size and handling, economic considerations, and similarity to the cow as a ruminant species in general and metabolic processes. Considerable basic knowledge of lactation relating to all species has been derived from studies with goats. Although the gross composition of goat and cow milk is similar, significant differences reflect differing synthetic functions. Caution is necessary in using the goat as a model for the dairy cow where differences occur. Some are obvious such as the gross structure of the mammary gland and differing milk constituents. Others are more subtle, such as the susceptibility to metabolic diseases associated with lactation and differing rates of metabolism affecting transfer of dietary and administered materials into milk.
    Digital Access Access Options