BookRon Waksman, Toby Rogers.
Summary: "The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid or atrioventricular valve, plays a major role in controlling the transfer of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle. There are two main types of mitral valve disease that can lead to mitral regurgitation: degenerative, in which the leaflets or the sub-valvular apparatus are deformed, and functional, in which cardiomyopathic dilatation of the ventricle or atrium results in malcoaptation of otherwise structurally normal leaflets. In reality, mitral regurgitation is often caused by a combination of both degenerative and functional processes"-- Provided by publisher.
Contents:
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Introduction-The Mitral Book
Chapter 1 The Pathology of Mitral Valve Disease
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General Anatomy of the Mitral Valve
1.2.1 Mitral Annulus
1.2.2 Leaflets
1.2.3 Chordae Tendineae and Papillary Muscles
1.2.4 Papillary Muscles and Left Ventricle
1.3 Pathology of Mitral Valve
1.3.1 Mitral Valve Stenosis
1.3.2 Aging Changes and Mitral Annulus Calcification (MAC)
1.3.3 Acute Mitral Regurgitation
1.3.4 Chronic Mitral Regurgitation
1.3.5 Degenerative MR
Myxomatous Degeneration of the Mitral Valve
1.3.6 Functional MR
References
Chapter 2 The Importance of Minimally Invasive Approaches for Mitral Valve Repair
2.1 Introduction to Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
2.2 The Importance of MICS MVS
2.3 Patient Selection
2.4 Surgical Setup-Fibrillating Heart MVS
2.5 Alternatives for Cannulation
2.6 Alternatives to Myocardial Protection
2.7 Mitral Valve Repair
2.8 Outcomes
2.9 Initiating Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair Program
2.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 When to Intervene-Should Surgical Guidelines Apply to Transcatheter Techniques in Treating Mitral Regurgitation?
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Primary MR
3.2.1 Current Guideline Recommendations
3.2.2 Transcatheter Therapies-New Guideline Applications?
3.3 Secondary MR
3.3.1 Current Guideline Recommendations
3.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 Transcatheter Mitral Valve Therapies: A Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic View
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Mitral Valve Anatomy
4.1.2 Mitral Valve Structure and Function
4.1.3 Mitral Regurgitation Severity
4.1.4 Diagnosis of MR Severity: Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Method
4.1.5 Diagnosis of MR Severity: Vena Contracta Method. 4.1.6 Primary and Secondary MR
4.1.7 Mitral Regurgitation and Cardiovascular Death and Morbidity
4.1.8 Screening for MitraClip Suitability
4.1.9 MitraClip Procedure Guidance
4.1.10 Transseptal Puncture
4.1.11 MitraClip Delivery Guidance
4.1.12 Adequacy of MitraClip Implantation Assessment
4.1.13 Other Technologies
4.2 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 CMR Assessment of Mitral Regurgitation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Pulse Sequences Used in CMR
5.2.1 Cine Imaging
5.2.2 Phase Contrast Imaging
5.3 Assessment of MR Severity
5.3.1 Qualitative Assessment
5.3.2 Quantitative Assessment
5.3.3 Technical Considerations for the Quantitative Assessment of MR by CMR
5.4 Identification of MR Etiology
5.4.1 Primary MR
5.4.2 Secondary MR
5.5 The Role of CMR Assessment of MR in Clinical Practice
5.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 CT Planning for TMVR and Predicting LVOT Obstruction
6.1 Introduction
6.2 History of Imaging for Mitral Valve Disease
6.2.1 TAVR CT Planning
6.2.2 Surgical and Transcatheter Mitral Interventions
6.3 Concept of Aortic and Mitral Valve Technology Development
6.4 Basics of CT Imaging Acquisition
6.5 Definition of Mitral Valve and TMVR device Landing Zone
6.6 Definition of LVOT
6.7 CT Methods for Neo-LVOT prediction modeling
6.8 CT Validation of Neo-LVOT Prediction Modeling Post-TMVR
6.9 Correlation Between Pre- and Post-TMVR CT Neo-LVOT Prediction Modeling
6.10 What Else Has CT Planning for TMVR Taught Us?
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7 General Principles and State-of-the-Art Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Mitral Valve
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Mechanism and Etiology of Chronic MR
7.2.1 Transthoracic Echocardiography
7.2.2.1 Color Flow Doppler
7.2.2 Qualitative Assessment
7.2.2.1 Color Flow Doppler. 7.3 Continuous Wave (CW) Density Jet
7.3.1 Semi-Quantitative Assessment
7.3.1.1 VC Width
7.4 Pulmonary Vein Flow/Mitral Inflow
7.4.1 Quantitative Assessment
7.5 Selection of Best Candidates for Interventions of the Mitral Valve
7.5.1 Echocardiographic Criteria of COAPT (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation) Trial
References
Chapter 8 Intraprocedural Echocardiography for MitraClip
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Pre-Procedure Evaluation
8.3 Importance of the Baseline Study - TEE
8.4 The Transseptal Puncture
8.5 Guiding MitraClip System to Mitral Valve
8.6 Intraprocedural Guidance of Clip within Mitral Valve and Leaflets
8.7 Post-Clip-Deployment Assessment of Mitral Valve Function
8.8 Assessment of Complications and Iatrogenic ASD
References
Chapter 9 Intraprocedural Echocardiography for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Baseline Mitral Valve Assessment
9.3 Access to the Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, and Mitral Valve
9.4 Predeployment and Deployment Monitoring
9.5 Postdeployment Evaluation
References
Chapter 10 Transcatheter Repair: MitraClip for Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
10.1 Surgery for Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
10.2 Evidence Base for MitraClip
10.3 Challenges for the MitraClip Procedure
10.4 Evaluation of MitraClip for Less than Prohibitive-Risk DMR Patients
10.5 Future Directions for MitraClip and Alternative Approaches for Leaflet Repair
10.6 Summary
References
Chapter 11 MitraClip™ for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 European and US Clinical Practice Guidelines
11.3 The MitraClip System
11.4 MitraClip Preprocedural Planning
11.5 Surgical Outcomes Data. 11.6 The COAPT and MITRA-FR Trials
11.7 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 12 The Edwards PASCAL Transcatheter Valve Repair System
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Edwards PASCAL™ Transcatheter Valve Repair System
12.3 Implantation Procedure
12.4 Compassionate-Use and Early Feasibility Data
12.5 Future Developments
References
Chapter 13 The Development of a Novel Percutaneous Treatment for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation-The Carillon® Mitral Contour System®
13.1 Introduction
13.2 REDUCE-FMR
13.3 The CARILLON Trial
13.4 Summary
References
Chapter 14 A Fully Percutaneous Mitral Ring: The Cardioband System
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Mitral Annulus Anatomy
14.3 Pathophysiological Role of the Mitral Annulus in Mitral Regurgitation
14.3.1 Mitral Annulus in FMR
14.3.2 Mitral Annulus in DMR
14.4 Surgical Annuloplasty in Mitral Regurgitation
14.5 The Cardioband System: Description of the Device
14.6 Procedural Planning
14.7 Clinical Studies
14.8 Possible Complications Related to the Implantation of Cardioband
14.9 Recurrence of Mitral Regurgitation Following Cardioband Implantation
14.10 Cardioband in Combination with Other Devices
14.11 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 Transcatheter Mitral Cerclage Annuloplasty
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Cerclage Anatomy and Function
15.3 Limitations of Coronary Sinus Annuloplasty
15.4 Cerclage Annuloplasty Device
15.5 The Cerclage Procedure
15.6 Preclinical Experiments
15.7 Initial Human Experience
15.8 Future Directions
15.9 Summary
Competing Interests
References
Chapter 16 The Transapical Off-Pump Mitral Valve Repair with the NeoChord Implantation (TOP-MINI)
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Technology
16.3 Patient Selection
16.4 Procedure
16.5 Echocardiographic Guidance
16.6 Examples. 16.6.1 Ideal Anatomy
16.6.2 Acceptable Anatomy
16.6.3 Challenging Anatomy
16.6.4 Data
16.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 AltaValve™-A Transcatheter Mitral Valve Regurgitation Treatment Technology
17.1 Clinical Need
17.2 Device Description
17.2.1 Principle of Operation
17.2.2 Device Construction
17.2.2.1 Stent
17.2.2.2 Stent Cap
17.2.2.3 Tissue Valve
17.2.2.4 Fabric Skirts and Sutures
17.2.3 Delivery Systems
17.3 Anatomical Imaging and Sizing
17.4 Preclinical and Clinical Experience
17.4.1 Animal Studies
17.5 Human Clinical Experience
17.6 Summary
References
Chapter 18 The ARTO Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair System
18.1 Device Description
18.2 Procedural Details
18.3 Clinical Experience with the ARTO System
18.4 Unique Features of the ARTO System
References
Chapter 19 Transcatheter Mitral Annuloplasty: The Millipede Device
19.1 Background
19.2 The Millipede Device
19.3 Millipede Implantation Procedure
19.4 Surgical Millipede Implants
19.5 Millipede Clinical Results
19.6 Clinical Implications
19.7 Summary
Author Disclosures
References
Chapter 20 Transapical and Transseptal Access for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement: Techniques and Devices
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Transapical Approach
20.2.1 Technique
20.2.2 Devices in Active Clinical Trial Phase
20.2.2.1 Tendyne
20.2.2.2 Intrepid
20.2.2.3 CardiAQ
20.2.2.4 TIARA
20.2.2.5 HighLife
20.3 Transseptal Approach
20.3.1 Technique
20.3.2 Devices in Active Clinical Trial Phase
20.3.2.1 Sapien M3
20.3.2.2 EVOQUE
20.3.2.3 Caisson
20.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 21 Mitral Valve-in-Valve and Valve-in-Ring Therapies
21.1 Overview
21.2 Evidence
21.3 Procedure Planning
21.4 Procedure.