BookSeth S. Martin, editor.
Summary: This book contains the current knowledge and potential future developments of precision medicine techniques including artificial intelligence, big data, mobile health, digital health and genetic medicine in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It reviews the presently used advanced precision medicine techniques and fundamental principles that continue to act as guiding forces for many medical professionals in applying precision and preventative medical techniques in their day-to-day practices. Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention describes current knowledge and potential future developments in this rapidly expanding field. It therefore provides a valuable resource for all practicing and trainee cardiologists looking to develop their knowledge and integrate precision medicine techniques into their practices.
Contents:
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
1 Social Determinants
Social Determinants of Health and Cardiovascular Care: A Historical Perspective
Landmark Reports on Health Disparities: Relevance to CVD
Role of SDOH in Cardiovascular Care: Ignored for Far Too Long
Current State of CVD Disparities in the US
SDOH, 'Traditional' Risk Factors and Current Models of CVD Care
SDOH and CVD: A Review of Current Literature
SDOH: A Domain-Based Analysis
Economic Stability
Current Evidence and Pathways
Summary
Education
Current Evidence and Pathways
Summary Neighborhood and Physical Environment
Current Evidence and Pathways
Summary
Food
Current Evidence and Pathways
Summary
Community and Social Context
Current Evidence and Pathways
Summary
Healthcare
Current Evidence and Pathways
Summary
Conclusions
References
2 Biomarkers
Introduction
Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Risk
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Estimation of LDL-C in Precision Medicine
There is More Than LDL-C: LDL Particles and Apolipoprotein B
Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (non-HDL-C): The "Poor Man" apoB? Maximizing the Use of the Standard Lipid Panel: The Total Cholesterol to HDL-C Ratio
Residual Risk and Lipoprotein-Related Risk Beyond LDL: Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins
Lipoprotein (a)-ready for Prime-Time Use?
Non-Lipid Cardiac Biomarkers in Risk Stratification of Asymptomatic Patients
Cardiac Biomarkers of Wall Stress and Myocardial Injury
Factors Affecting Biomarker Interpretation
Cardiac Troponin and Cardiovascular Risk
Cardiac Biomarkers in Hypertension
Cardiac Biomarkers in Aortic Stenosis
Cardiac Biomarkers in Heart Failure
HsCRP
GlycA
Galectin-3 Lp-PLA2
Hepatocyte Growth Factor
Fibrinogen
Adipokines
Sex Hormones
Conclusions
References
3 Genetics
Introduction
Rare Variation Highlights Novel Disease Pathways
Background
Relevance for Cardiovascular Prevention
Leveraging Common Variant Genomics to Understand Disease Pathophysiology
Background
Relevance for Cardiovascular Prevention
Mendelian Randomization Can Help Us Understand Causal Relationships
Background
Relevance for Cardiovascular Prevention
Polygenic Risk Scores Can Improve Risk Prediction
Background Relevance for Cardiovascular Prevention
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
4 Atherosclerosis Imaging
Traditional Risk Scores and Individualized Risk Assessment
Proposed Tools for Personalizing Risk Estimation
Serum Biomarkers and Genetics: Pros and Cons
Coronary Artery Calcium
CAC Imaging
CAC Scoring
Early Data
Major Population-Based Studies
MESA
Heinz Nixdorf
Rotterdam Study
Meta-Analysis
CAC in Guidelines
Shared Decision-Making
Risk Re-Classification Through CAC
CAC Future Directions
CAC Score = 0