BookAllan H. Young, Mario F. Juruena, editors.
Summary: Bipolar disorder is a common, complex and costly mental health disorder, which sits at the heart of the practice of clinical psychiatry. Effective treatments (pharmacological, psychological and brain stimulation based) have all been discovered serendipitously. With the huge advances in basic neuroscience the way is now clear for novel treatments to be developed based on brain science. This book reviews these possibilities.
Contents:
Intro
Preface
Contents
The Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder
1 Introduction
2 Neurotransmitters
2.1 Serotoninergic System
2.2 Dopaminergic System
2.3 Norepinephrinergic System
2.4 GABAergic System
2.5 Glutamatergic System
3 Intracellular Signalling
4 Adenylate Cyclase Signalling Pathway
5 Neurotrophins and Neurogenesis
6 Neuroendocrine
7 Conclusion
References
The Role of Stress in Bipolar Disorder
1 Introduction
1.1 Activation of Hormonal Systems After Stress
1.2 Stress Hormone Receptors 2 Stress Hormone Actions on the Brain in Healthy Individuals
2.1 Cellular Effects of Stress Hormones on Brain Circuits
2.2 Neuronal Circuits and Cognitive Function
3 Changes in Stress Responsiveness in Bipolar Disorder
3.1 Imbalance in the Stress System: Importance of Genetic and (Early) Life History
3.2 Changes in the HPA Axis in Bipolar Disorder Patients
4 Changes in Cognitive Function in Bipolar Disorder Related to Stress
4.1 Time-Dependent Changes in Cognitive Processing Following Stress in BD Patients 3.1.2 Creatine Kinase
3.1.3 Calcium
3.1.4 Increased Oxidative Stress
3.1.5 Neurotransmitters
3.1.6 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
3.1.7 NAA
3.1.8 Bcl-2
3.2 Mitochondrial Genes
4 How Conventional Drugs for Bipolar Disorder Relate to Mitochondrial Functioning
5 Mitochondrial Potential Treatments
5.1 Likely Beneficial
5.1.1 PPAR Agonists
5.1.2 Minocycline
5.1.3 N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC)
5.1.4 Co-enzyme Q10
5.1.5 Melatonin
5.2 Theoretically Beneficial, but No Studies Have Been Published
5.2.1 Ebselen
5.2.2 Mangosteen 4.2 Network Function in BP Patients and Individuals at Risk for Psychopathology
5 Concluding Remarks
References
The Role of Genetics in Bipolar Disorder
1 Introduction: Why Genetics Matters in the Susceptibility to Bipolar Disorder?
2 Bipolar Disorder Is Heritable: Twin, Adoption, and Family Studies
3 How Many Genes Modulate the Risk of Bipolar Disorder? Linkage Studies, Candidate Gene Studies, and Genome-Wide Association S...
4 Genetic Overlap Between Bipolar Disorder and Other Brain Disorders: Disorder-Specific or General Genetic Influences? 5 The Role of Rare Genetic Variants
6 Gene x Environment Studies
7 Nongenetic Mechanisms Contributing to the Regulation of Gene Expression: Epigenetics
8 Current and Future Lines of Research
9 Conclusion
References
Targeting Mitochondrial Dysfunction for Bipolar Disorder
1 The Mitochondria
1.1 Mitochondria as an Energy Source
1.2 Other Functions of Mitochondria
2 Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress
3 Mitochondria in Bipolar Disorder
3.1 Possible Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder
3.1.1 A Shift from OXPHOS to Glycolysis