BookCarlos Guido Musso, José Ricardo Jauregui, Juan Florencio Macías-Núñez, Adrian Covic, editors.
Summary: This unique book reviews the information available in the literature regarding the new syndrome, frailty, in patients with various renal conditions, such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, as well as dialysis and transplant patients. The topic is of importance in nephrology, specifically nephrogeriatrics, since frailty is a condition affecting many elderly patients and which is becoming increasingly common in medical practice. As such, there is a considerable need for information to assist professionals treating these patients. The book includes chapters on the frailty syndrome (definition, evaluation and treatment), the main geriatric syndromes (gait disorder, falls, incontinence, and delirium), the main renal syndromes (acute renal injury, chronic kidney disease) as well as dialysis and kidney transplant, and the relationship between geriatrics and renal syndromes. Frailty and Kidney Disease: A Practical Guide to Clinical Management is an essential resource for general practitioners, researchers, internal medicine physicians, geriatricians, and nephrologists.
Contents:
Intro
Frailty and Kidney Disease
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Frailty Phenotype
References
Chapter 2: Frailty Assessment
References
Chapter 3: Falls and Gait Disorders in Older Adults: Causes and Consequences
Introduction
Falls as a "Geriatric Giant"
Consequences of Falling
Morbidity and Mortality
Psychological and Social Consequences
Risk Factors for Falls
Antianxiety/Hypnotics Medications
Antipsychotic Medications
Antidepressant Medications
Antipsychotics and Opioids Antihypertensive and Other Cardiovascular Medications
Pathophysiology of Falls
A Model for the Understanding of the Basics of Postural Control
Cognitive Aspects of Falls Risk: The Role of the Gait and Cognition Interaction in Falls
Risk Identification
Falls Classification and the Role of Gait Assessments
Dual-Task Gait Assessments
Falls Risk Assessment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Immobility Syndrome
Epidemiology and Causes
Physical
Psychological
Environmental
Iatrogenic Causes
Others
Complications
Assessing
Rehabilitation General Care
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Delirium
Introduction
Risk Factors and Triggers for Delirium
Clinical Characteristics of Delirium
Diagnosis
DSM-5 Criteria
Etiology
The Most Common Potential Reversible Causes Include the Following
Partially Reversible or Not Reversible Causes
Differential Diagnoses
Delirium Pathophysiology
Delirium in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Treatment
Preventive Measures
Pharmacological Therapy
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Urinary Incontinence in Older Persons
Introduction
Definition Relevance of the Problem
Demographic Aspects and Epidemiology of the UI
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary Tract
Changes of the Genitourinary System Associated with Normal Aging
Pathophysiology of Urinary Incontinence
Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)
Urgent Urinary Incontinence (UUI)
Classification
Acute Urinary Incontinence
Chronic Urinary Incontinence
Urgent Urinary Incontinence (UUI)
Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)
Overflow Incontinence (OFI)
Functional Incontinence
Mixed Incontinence
Evaluation of the Patient's Incontinence
Interrogation Physical Exam
Supplementary Exams
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Behavioral Measures
Placebos
Dietary Hygienic Measures
Exercises for the Pelvic Floor Muscles (EPFM)
How Are These Exercises Done?
Intravaginal Mechanical Devices
Electrical Stimulation
Neuromodulation
Anti-incontinence Devices
Pharmacological Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Management of Acute Incontinence
General Support Measures
Urinary Infections
Management of Chronic Urinary Incontinence
Urgent Urinary Incontinence
Hormone Treatment
Nonhormonal Treatment