BookAshish Chandra, Barbara Crothers, Daniel Kurtycz, Fernando Schmitt, editors.
Summary: This book is the culmination of an international effort to bring consistency and diagnostic efficiency to effusion cytology for the sake of patient care. The authors recognize special challenges in serous fluid cytopathology, such as reporting the presence of Mullerian epithelium in peritoneal fluids. What is an appropriate serous fluid volume to ensure adequacy? How should mesothelial proliferations be reported and is it appropriate to make an interpretation of malignant mesothelioma? How specific should a report be regarding the origin and subtyping of tumors found in serous fluids? What are the appropriate quality monitors for this specimen type? Special chapters on considerations for peritoneal washings, cytopreparatory techniques, mesothelioma and quality management are included to address these issues. The text contains literature reviews that elucidate existing evidence in support of current practices and recommendations. Expert opinions on where evidence was lacking, the most common practices were adopted by consensus, and where there was no commonality, are employed. Written by experts in the field, The International System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology serves as a collaborative effort between the International Academy of Cytology and the American Society for Cytopathology and calls upon participation of the international cytopathology and oncology communities to contribute to the development of a truly international system for reporting serous fluid cytology.
Contents:
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Disclaimer
Contents
Editors
Contributors
Abbreviations
1: The International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology: Introduction and Overview of Diagnostic Terminology and Reporting
Introduction
Format of the Report
Rate and Risk of Malignancy
References
2: Non-diagnostic (ND) and Adequacy
Background
Definition
Explanatory Notes
Clinical Management
Sample Reports
References
3: Negative for Malignancy (NFM)
Background
Definition
Criteria for Negative for Malignancy
Explanatory Notes Approach to Serous Effusion (Fig. 3.1)
Expected Cellular Findings
Without Regard to Volume or Distribution
With Increased Volume and/or Distribution of Predominately One Cell Type
Predominantly Mesothelial Cells
Predominantly Histiocytes
Predominantly Lymphocytes
Predominantly or Increased Eosinophils
Predominantly Neutrophils
Unexpected Cellular and Noncellular Findings
Unexpected Cell Population (Second Cell Population)
Unexpected Benign Cellular and Noncellular Findings
Psammoma Bodies
Collagen Balls
Detached Ciliary Tufts Asbestos (Ferruginous) Bodies
Curschmann's Spirals
Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Cells
Necrotic Material
Fistula
Infectious Organisms
Rate and Risk of Malignancy
Sample Reports
References
4: Atypia of Undetermined Significance
Background
Definition
Criteria
Explanatory Notes
Sample Reports
Rate and Risk of Malignancy
References
5: Suspicious for Malignancy (SFM)
Definition
Cytologic Criteria
Explanatory Notes
Rate and Risk of Malignancy/Clinical Management
Sample Reports
References
6: Malignant-Primary (MAL-P) (Mesothelioma) Introduction
Background
Cytological Approach to Fluids
Malignant Mesothelioma
Definition
Gross Findings of Serous Effusion
Cytologic Criteria
Definitive Criteria of Malignancy [10-18] (Fig. 6.10)
Supportive Criteria of Malignancy (Figs. 6.11, 6.12, 6.13 and 6.14)
Explanatory Notes
Role of Immunochemistry (IC) in the Work-Up of Mesothelioma
Immunochemistry on Cell Block Versus Smears
Determining Benign Versus Malignant Mesothelial Cells
Determining Malignant Mesothelioma Versus Carcinoma
Determining Mesothelioma Versus Non-epithelial Malignancies Prognostic and Predictive Markers for Malignant Mesothelioma
Role of FISH
Role of Soluble Biomarkers
Risk of Malignancy/Clinical Management
Sample Reports
References
7: Malignant-Secondary (MAL-S)
Background
Definition
Diagnostic Approach
Malignant Effusions of Epithelial Origin
Adenocarcinoma
Cytological Criteria
Explanatory Notes
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Cytological Criteria
Explanatory Notes
Other Carcinomas
Cytological Criteria
Malignant Effusions of Neuroendocrine Origin
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Cytological Criteria