BookRudi A.J.O. Dierckx, Andreas Otte, Erik F.J. de Vries, Aren van Waarde, editors ; Klaus L. Leenders, guest editor.
Summary: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of PET and SPECT in not only classic neurodegenerative disorders but also cerebrovascular disorders, brain tumors, epilepsy, head trauma, coma, sleeping disorders, and inflammatory and infectious diseases of the CNS. The new edition has been revised and updated to reflect recent advances and includes additional chapters, for example on the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in imaging data analysis, the study of brain connectivity using PET and SPECT images, and the role of PET imaging in modulation of brain functioning by deep brain stimulation. The authors are renowned experts whose dedication to the investigation of neurological disorders through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. Most chapters are written jointly by a clinical neurologist and a nuclear medicine specialist to ensure a multidisciplinary approach. This state of the art compendium will be invaluable for neurologists and radiologists/nuclear medicine specialists and will also be informative for interested general practitioners and geriatricians. Companion volumes on PET and SPECT in psychiatry and in neurobiological systems complete a trilogy.
Contents:
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Part I: Basics
1: Nuclear Medicine Imaging Tracers for Neurology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Glucose Consumption
1.3 Translocator Protein TSPO
1.4 GABA Receptor
1.5 Dopaminergic System
1.5.1 Dopamine Transporter (DAT)
1.5.2 D1 Receptor
1.5.3 D2 Receptor
1.5.4 D2/D3 Agonists
1.6 Beta-Amyloid Deposition
1.7 NMDA Receptor, Glycine Transport
1.8 P-Glycoprotein
1.9 Cholinergic System
1.10 Metabotropic Glutamate-5 Receptor
1.11 Vesicular Monoamine Transporter
1.12 Adenosine Receptors 1.13 Serotonergic System
1.13.1 Serotonin Transporter
1.13.2 5-HT Receptor Ligands
1.14 Nonadrenergic System
1.15 Opioid Receptors
1.16 Monoamine Oxidase
1.17 SV2A Receptors
1.18 Sigma Receptors
1.19 Tau Protein Deposition
1.20 Phosphodiesterase
1.21 P2X7 Receptor
1.22 (Re)Myelination
1.23 Cannabinoid Receptors
1.24 Conclusions
References
2: Tracer Kinetic Modelling
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Principles of Modelling
2.3 Single-Tissue Compartment Model
2.4 Principles and Practice of Quantification 2.5 An Example: Measurement of CBF Using [15O]H2O
2.6 Two-Tissue Compartment Model
2.7 Reference Tissue Models
2.8 Parametric Methods
2.9 Conclusions
References
3: Quantification in Brain SPECT: Noninvasive Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements Using 99mTc-Labeled Tracers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Method
3.2.1 Theory of Graphical Analysis
3.2.2 Brain Perfusion Index (BPI)
3.2.3 Comparison of BPI and CBF Values Measured by Other Invasive Methods
3.2.4 Alternative Approach to Estimation of BPI
3.2.5 Calculation of Regional CBF from BPI 3.2.6 Consecutive rCBF Measurements at Baseline and Acetazolamide Challenge
3.3 Clinical Application
3.3.1 Cerebrovascular Diseases
3.3.2 Heart Failure
3.3.3 Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
3.3.4 Neurodegenerative Disorders
3.3.5 Mood Disorders
3.3.6 Other Neuropsychiatric Diseases
3.4 Conclusion
References
4: From Positron to Pattern: A Conceptual and Practical Overview of 18F-FDG PET Imaging and Spatial Covariance Analysis
4.1 18F-FDG PET Imaging
4.1.1 Basic Concepts in PET
4.1.2 18F-FDG PET Imaging 4.1.3 Studying Brain Function with 18F-FDG PET
4.2 Analysis of Resting-State 18F-FDG PET Images
4.2.1 Image Registration
4.2.2 Normalization
4.2.3 Analysis of Variance and Covariance
4.2.4 Principal Component Analysis
4.3 SSM PCA
4.3.1 Defining the Data
4.3.2 Normalization with the Scaled Subprofile Model (SSM)
4.3.3 Calculating Eigenvectors from a Covariance Matrix
4.3.4 Calculating Subject Scores and Selecting Disease-Related Components
4.3.5 Prospective Application of the Pattern
4.3.6 Validation