BookGianfranco Spalletta, Delfina Janiri, Federica Piras and Gabriele Sani, editors.
Summary: This volume presents a comprehensive overview of childhood trauma, considering the psychopathological definition and its neurobiological implications as well as its impact on different psychiatric disorders. The focus on childhood trauma rather than that occurring in adulthood is important due to its general "neuro-psyco-socio" and its specific biological implications, since trauma during childhood impacts directly on neurodevelopment. It has been suggested that early life stress increases vulnerability to psychiatric disorders; however, the exact mechanisms of this association are not yet completely understood. Although childhood trauma could be considered too unspecific to be an important risk factor for individual psychiatric disorders since it seems to occur across the board, it impacts differently on different psychiatric disorders, and it can modulate their clinical expression. Therefore, the assessment of early trauma needs to be included in the clinical evaluation of patients with psychiatric disorders. The volume will be an invaluable tool for psychiatrists, helping them to select suitable pharmacological, psychotherapeutic and rehabilitative treatments.
Contents:
Intro
Preface
Contents
Part I: General
1: Introduction on Childhood Trauma in Mental Disorders: A Comprehensive Approach
References
2: The Concept of Childhood Trauma in Psychopathology: Definitions and Historical Perspectives
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Epidemiology of Childhood Trauma Worldwide
2.2.1 Physical and Sexual Abuse, Neglect, Witnessing Violence
2.2.2 Large-Scale Natural and Manmade Disasters: Children in Specific Regions of the World and Marginalized Children Are Disproportionately at Risk
2.2.3 Unintentional Injuries 2.3 Historical Perspectives on Childhood Trauma
2.4 The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Developmental Psychopathology
2.4.1 Childhood Trauma, Childhood Mental Disorders, and Adult Mental Disorders
2.4.2 Developmental Trajectories and Developmental Cascades
2.4.3 Equifinality and Multifinality
2.4.4 Typical Development, Resilient Development, and Pathological Development
2.5 Risk and Protective Factors
2.6 Theories of Vulnerability
References
Part II: Neurobiology
3: Neuroimaging and Cognition of Early Traumatic Experiences
3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Trauma and Normal Brain Development
3.1.2 The Effects of Childhood Trauma on Neuropsychological Function and Cognitive Development
3.1.3 The Effects of Childhood Trauma on Brain Development and Morphology
3.1.3.1 Hippocampus
3.1.3.2 Amygdala
3.1.3.3 Prefrontal Cortex
3.1.3.4 Sensory Cortex and Fiber Pathways
3.1.3.5 Corpus Callosum
3.1.3.6 Cerebellum
3.2 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Maltreated Subjects
3.2.1 Threat Processing
3.2.2 Reward Processing
3.2.3 Emotion Regulation
3.2.4 Executive Control
3.3 Conclusions 5.2.1 Physical Bases of Electrophysiologic Activity
5.2.2 Types of EEG Recordings
5.2.2.1 Conventional EEG
5.2.2.2 Continuous EEG
5.2.2.3 Quantitative EEG
5.2.3 Types of EEG Analyses
5.2.3.1 Spectral Analysis
5.2.3.2 Frontal Asymmetry
5.2.3.3 Coherence
5.2.3.4 Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
5.2.3.5 Source Analyses
5.3 EEG Evidences in Childhood Trauma
5.3.1 Spectral Analysis
5.3.2 Cortical Asymmetry
5.3.3 Coherence
5.3.4 ERPs
5.3.5 Source Analyses
5.4 Neurobiology of Childhood Trauma: A Neurophysiological Perspective