BookKambiz Thomas Moazed.
Summary: The iris is a circular, pigmented tissue that separates the anterior chamber of the eye from the posterior chamber. It has a crucial role on controlling the amount of the light entering the eye through its central opening "the pupil". The Iris has multiple important functions that support and provide image clarity on the retina. However, it is a largely neglected part of the eye, compared to the cornea lens, retina, and optic nerve, and has not been focused on in a comprehensive way until now. The Iris: Understanding the Essentials, combines different aspects of scientific information from a variety of fields, such as anatomy, histopathology, molecular biology, electron microscopy and other diagnostic modalities. Each chapter will include pearls and summary points, and this multi-disciplinary approach helps the clinician diagnose and treat the large variety of diseases that affect the iris, with the main emphasize on pigmentary pathological changes that can affect the color of the eye. Written as a reference review book for universities, practicing ophthalmologists, Ophthalmology residents, pharmaceutical companies and diagnostic equipment manufacturing companies this book summarizes the information in an easy-to-use manner to help the reader better understand the iris, iris structure, physiology and function.
Contents:
Intro
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Embryology of Iris
Pigment Cell Development and Migration
The Developmental Timetable of the Iris in Brief
The Embryonic Vascular System
Bibliography
Chapter 2: Iris Anatomy
Functional Aspects of Iris Anatomy
Posterior Surface of the Iris
Blood Supply
Nerve Supply and Neural Network
Iris Muscles
Iris Anatomical Significance in Iris Intervention
Bibliography
Chapter 3: Iris Histology
Discussion
Histologic Specifications of the Iris Color Variation
The Anterior Border
The Stroma The Dilator and the Sphincter Muscles of the Iris
The Effect of Prostate Medication on Iris
The Iris Pigment Epithelium (IPE)
The Anterior Iris Pigment Epithelium (AIPE)
An Apical Epithelial Portion
The Posterior Iris Pigment Epithelium (PIPE) (Fig. 3.14a, b)
Other Cellular Components of Iris
Bibliography
Chapter 4: Iris Electron Microscopy
Sample Preparation
Discussion
Melanocytes
Fibroblasts
Laminins
Fibronectin
Macrophages
Iris Blood Vessels
Iris Muscles
The Sphincter Muscle
The Dilator Muscle
Iris Pigment Epithelium (IPE) The Anterior Iris Pigment Epithelium
Posterior Pigment Epithelium
Iris Structural Electron Microscopy Specifications
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 5: Molecular Biology of Iris
Discussion
Molecular Development of Iris
Cellular Receptors and Signaling Pathways
Iris Fibroblasts
Iris Melanocytes
Neuroendocrine Functions of the Melanocyte
Macrophages
Prostaglandin Receptors and Prostaglandin Analogues (PGA)
Signal Transduction Pathways in Melanocytes
mTOR
Functions of mTORC1
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K) Pathway
Akt Signaling NF-kB Regulation
HGF/c-MET Signaling Pathway in Melanoma
SMAD/SKI
HIF1a (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1alfa)
P53
Melanoma Biomarkers
Autophagy and Melanogenesis
Conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter 6: Iris Immunology and Wound Healing
Immunology of Iris
Iris Wound Healing
Stage One: The Vascular Response and Coagulation
Stage Two: The Cellular Response and Inflammation
Stage Three: The Proliferative and Repair Phase
Stage IV: Remodeling
Bibliography
Chapter 7: Iris Versus Skin
Discussion
Embryology
Anatomy
Histology
Electron Microscopy