BookNancy Guillen, editor.
Summary: The intestine is home to diverse bacterial communities forming the microbiome that influences host nutrition, immune functions and health. DNA-based methods have been instrumental to gain insight into the microbial eukaryotic diversity of the human gut. For instance, the microbiome share the intestinal ecosystem with a population of uni- and multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms. These eukaryotic organisms are very common and often very abundant in individuals with intestinal healthy conditions as well as those with intestinal diseases. The impact of the relationship between bacterial and eukaryotic organisms within the intestinal ecosystem on homeostasis and intestinal diseases is limited and can be considered an important emerging field of research. In addition, the factors that differentiate pathogenic eukaryotes from commensals are still unknown. Our interest focuses on the families of eukaryotic microbes inhabiting the intestine, called "intestinal eukaryome", that include fungi, protists and helminths. All these organisms and their interplay with bacteria and the human immune system are a challenge to assess the impact (present and future) of intestinal infectious diseases on public health. This book presents an overview of the science presented and discussed in the First Eukaryome Congress, held from October 16th to 18th, 2019 at Pasteur Institute in Paris, France. This contributed volume is of special interest for PhD students, postdoctoral fellows, researchers and clinicians interested in the effect of the eukaryotic microbiome on human health.
Contents:
Intro
Eukaryome Foreword
Preface
Contents
1 Eukaryome: Emerging Field with Profound Translational Potential
Introduction
The Diversity of Species Within the Human Intestinal Eukaryome
Evolution of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Human Intestine
Impact of Eukaryome Species in Human Populations
Protozoan Feed on Bacteria from the Microbiome
The Eukaryome, Public Health and Zoonosis
Tissue Homeostasis and Immune-Modulatory Roles of the Eukaryome
Cytokines as Major Players of Intestinal Immunity During Parasite Infection E. coli Confers Resistance to OS to E. histolytica and Has an Effect on the Redox Proteome of the Parasite
E. coli Has an Effect on the Transcriptome of E. histolytica Exposed to OS
Integration of Redox Omics and Transcriptomics Data on the Response of E. histolytica to OS in Presence of E. coli
Perspectives
References
4 Histomonas meleagridis Molecular Traits-From Past to Future
Introduction-Histomonas meleagridis and Histomonosis
Defined in Vitro Cultures-An Essential Fundament for Molecular Research
Histomonas meleagridis-Phylogenetic Positioning Genetic Diversity and Geographical Distribution of Blastocystis Subtypes
Clinical Association or Commensal Behavior of Blastocystis spp.
Interaction of Blastocystis spp. and the Gut Microbiota of Asymptomatic Individuals
Blastocystis spp. and Their Effect on the Immune Response
References
7 Cryptosporidium Infection in Bangladesh Children
Introduction
Genomic Diversity in Bangladesh Cryptosporidium hominis
Polymorphic DNA
Recombination
Conclusions
References Histomonas meleagridis-Omics Studies
Conclusions and Future Aspects
References
5 Exploring the Biology and Evolution of Blastocystis and Its Role in the Microbiome
General Introduction
Prevalence, Diversity and Biogeography
Blastocystis and Microbiome
Blastocystis Biology
Blastocystis MROs
Conclusion
References
6 Advances in the Study of Blastocystis spp. in Mexico: Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, Clinical Association and Their Possible Role in the Human Intestine
Background
Advances in the Study of Blastocystis spp. in Mexico Tissue Protection Against Microbial Eukaryotes
Intestinal Models to Study Eukaryome-Microbiome-Host Interplay
References
2 Resolving Amoebozoan Encystation from Dictyostelium Evo-Devo and Amoebozoan Comparative Genomics
Encystation as a Universal Protist Survival Strategy
Insights into Encystation from Dictyostelium Sporulation
References
3 Integrative Omics Analysis of the Effect of Bacteria on the Resistance of Entamoeba histolytica to Oxidative Stress
Introduction