BookAjit Varma, Swati Tripathi, Ram Prasad, editors.
Summary: This book provides an overview of the latest advances concerning symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes, and their applications in plant productivity and agricultural sustainability. Symbiosis is a living phenomenon including dynamic variations in the genome, metabolism and signaling network, and adopting a multidirectional perspective on their interactions is required when studying symbiotic organisms. Although various plant-microbe symbiotic systems are covered in this book, it especially focuses on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis and root nodule symbiosis, the two most prevalent systems. AM symbiosis involves the most extensive interaction between plants and microbes, in the context of phylogeny and ecology. As more than 90% of all known species of plants have the potential to form mycorrhizal associations, the productivity and species composition, as well as the diversity of natural ecosystems, are frequently dependent upon the presence and activity of mycorrhizas. In turn, root nodule symbiosis includes morphogenesis and is formed by communication between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The biotechnological application of plantmicrobe symbiosis is expected to foster the production of agricultural and horticultural products while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems. Designed as a hands-on guide, this book offers an essential resource for researchers and students in the areas of agri-biotechnology, soil biology and fungal biology.
Contents:
Intro
Contents
Chapter 1: The Rhizobium-Plant Symbiosis: State of the Art
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis for Root Nodulation
1.3 Diversity of Legumes Depending on Rhizobium
1.4 Taxonomy and Host Specificity of Rhizobium Species
1.5 Factors Affecting Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis
1.6 Mechanism Behind Root Nodulation
1.7 Role of Nitrogen and Mechanism of Root Nodulation
1.8 Role of Ethylene in Preinfection Events
1.9 Organogenesis of the Nodule
1.10 Genetic Basis of Phytohormones During Root Nodule Development 1.11 Application of Rhizobia as Biofertilizers
1.12 New Aspects of Plant-Rhizobia Symbiosis
1.13 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Diversity and Importance of the Relationship Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in T ...
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Agroforestry Systems in the Mexican Tropics
2.3 Functionality of Soil Microorganisms in AFS
2.4 Soil Microorganisms in AFS in the Tropics of Mexico
2.4.1 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
2.4.2 Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
2.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References 5.2 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Development
5.2.1 Asymbiotic Stage
5.2.2 Mutual Recognition of Symbiotic Partners
5.2.2.1 Strigolactones
5.2.2.2 Regulation of Strigolactone Biosynthesis
5.2.2.3 Fungal Signaling Molecules and Plant Receptors
5.2.3 Formation of Appresorium/Hyphopodium
5.2.4 PPA Formation
5.2.4.1 Plant Genes Required for PPA Formation
5.2.5 The Common SYM Pathway
5.2.5.1 SYMRK
5.2.5.2 CASTOR and POLLUX
5.2.5.3 Nucleoporins
5.2.5.4 CCaMK
5.2.5.5 CYCLOPS
5.2.6 Arbuscule Development
5.3 Diverse Roles of AM Chapter 3: Nitrogen Fixation in a Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis: The Roots of a Success Story
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Root Nodule
3.2.1 Definition and Types
3.2.2 Nodule Formation
3.2.2.1 Preinfection Stage
3.2.2.2 Infection Stage
3.2.2.3 Nodule Organogenesis
3.3 N2 Fixation in a Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis
3.4 Effect of Abiotic Stress on Legume-Rhizobium Symbioses and N2 Fixation
3.4.1 Salinity Stress
3.4.2 Drought Stress
3.4.3 Heat Stress
3.4.4 Soil Acidity/Low pH
3.4.5 Soil Nutrient Deficiency
3.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References Chapter 4: A Genome-Wide Investigation on Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in Leguminous Plants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Rhizobia and Legume
4.3 Nodulation Factors (NFs)
4.4 Advances in Nitrogen-Fixing Root Nodule Symbiosis
4.5 Genome-Wide Investigation of Nodule Forming Bacteria
4.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 5: Symbiotic Signaling: Insights from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Types of Mycorrhiza
5.1.1.1 Ectomycorrhizae (ECM)
5.1.1.2 Endomycorrhizae
5.1.1.3 Arbuscular Mycorrhiza