BookAhmed M. Abdel-Azeem, editor.
Summary: Chaetomium genus was established by Gustav Kunze in 1817. According to Index Fungorum Partnership, there are 273 Chaetomium species accepted till now. Members of the genus Chaetomium are capable of colonizing various substrates and are well-known for their ability to degrade cellulose and to produce a variety of bioactive metabolites. More than 200 compounds have been reported from this genus. A huge number of new and bioactive secondary metabolites associated with unique and diverse structural types, such as chaetoglobosins, epipolythiodioxopiperazines, azaphilones, depsidones, xanthones, anthraquinones, chromones, and steroids, have been isolated and identified. Many of the compounds have been reported to possess significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antimalarial, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, phytotoxic, antirheumatoid and other activities. Chaetomium taxa are frequently reported to be cellulase and ligninase producers with the ability to degrade cellulosic and woody materials. This is the first, comprehensive volume covering Chaetomium genus in detail. It includes the latest research, methods, and applications, and was written by scholars working directly in the field. The book also contains informative illustrations and is fully referenced for further reading.
Contents:
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editor
Part I: Chaetomium: Biology to Biotechnology
Chapter 1: Taxonomy and Biodiversity of the Genus Chaetomium in Different Habitats
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Taxonomic History
1.2.1 Cultural Conditions of Chaetomium
1.2.2 Morphological Characterization of Chaetomium Species
1.3 Methodology of Studying Chaetomium Biodiversity
1.3.1 Phenotypic Studies
1.3.2 Numerical Taxonomy:
1.3.3 Secondary Metabolites Profiling and Chemotaxonomy
1.3.4 Molecular Characterization
1.3.5 DNA Barcoding 1.3.6 Evolution of the Approach: Polyphasic Taxonomy of Chaetomium
1.4 Chaetomium Diversity in Different Habitats
1.4.1 Desert
1.4.2 Salterns and Mangrove
1.4.3 Occurrence in Indoor Air
1.4.4 Occurrence in Water
1.4.5 Occurrence in Foods
1.4.6 Polar
1.4.7 On Herbivore Dung
1.4.8 Living Plants, Lichens, and Animals
1.4.9 Human
1.4.10 Decaying Wood
1.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Developmental Morphology of Chaetomium and Chaetomiopsis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Preparation of Samples for Light and Electron Microscopy
2.3 Volume Determination 2.4 Structure of the Ascogonium and Formation of the Ascoma
2.5 Structure of the Peridium
2.5.1 Peridium in Surface View
2.5.2 Peridium in Section
2.6 Peridial Hairs (Morphology and Ultrastructure)
2.7 Development of Ostiolar Apparatus
2.8 Ascospores
2.9 Expansion of the Ascoma
2.10 Discussion
References
Chapter 3: Molecular Approaches for Analyzing Environmental Chaetomium Diversity and Exploitation of Chaetomium thermophilum for Biochemical Analyses
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Molecular Methods for the Detection of Fungi
3.2.1 PCR-Based Methods 3.2.1.1 Conventional PCR
3.2.1.2 Nested PCR
3.2.1.3 Multiplex PCR
3.2.1.4 Reverse Transcriptase PCR
3.2.1.5 Real-Time PCR (Q PCR)
3.2.1.6 Serial Analysis of Gene Expression
3.2.1.7 DNA Barcoding
3.3 DNA/RNA Probe-Based Methods (Sequencing-Independent Methods)
3.3.1 Northern Blotting
3.3.2 In Situ Hybridization
3.3.3 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
3.4 Post-Amplification Technique
3.4.1 Microarray
3.4.2 Macroarray
3.5 Isothermal Amplification-Based Methods
3.5.1 Rolling Circle Amplification
3.5.2 Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification 3.5.3 Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification
3.6 RNA Interference
3.7 RNA-Seq-Based Next-Generation Sequencing
3.8 Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Thermophilic Chaetomium
3.8.1 Molecular Phylogeny of Thermophilic Fungi
3.8.2 Thermophilic Fungal Genomes
3.8.3 Preferred Gene Sequences of Chaetomium
3.9 Developing Genetic Tools to Exploit C. thermophilum
3.9.1 Methods (Fig. 3.5)
References
Chapter 4: Recent Advances on Occurrence of Genus Chaetomium on Dung
4.1 Life Cycle of Dung Fungi and the Classification as an Obligate Dung Species