BookMallappa Kumara Swamy, editor.
Summary: Plants produce a vast number of bioactive compounds with different chemical scaffolds, which modulate a diverse range of molecular targets and are used as drugs for treating numerous diseases. Most present-day medicines are derived either from plant compounds or their derivatives, and plant compounds continue to offer limitless reserves for the discovery of new medicines. While different classes of plant compounds, like phenolics, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids, and their potential pharmacological applications are currently being explored, their curative mechanisms are yet to be understood in detail. This book is divided into 2 volumes and offers detailed information on plant-derived bioactive compounds, including recent research findings. Volume 1, Plant-derived Bioactives: Chemistry and Mode of Action, discusses the chemistry of highly valued plant bioactive compounds and their mode of actions at the molecular level. Volume 2, Plant-derived Bioactives: Production, Properties and Therapeutic Applications, explores the sources, biosynthesis, production, biological properties and therapeutic applications of plant bioactives. Given their scope, these books are valuable resources for members of the scientific community wishing to further explore various medicinal plants and the therapeutic applications of their bioactive compounds. They appeal to scholars, teachers and scientists involved in plant product research, and facilitate the development of innovative new drugs.
Contents:
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Molecular Approaches to Screen Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
1 Introduction
2 Medicinal Plants
3 Bioactive Compounds in Medicinal Plants
3.1 Secondary Metabolites
3.2 Bioactive Peptides
4 Screening of the Bioactive Compounds
4.1 Extraction
4.1.1 Conventional Extraction Techniques
Soxhlet's Extractor
Maceration
Hydrodistillation
Sonification
4.1.2 Non-conventional Extraction Techniques
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE)
Pulsed-Electric Field Extraction (PEF) 5 Essential Oil Isolation Methods
6 Healing Characteristics of Essential Oils
6.1 Action Against Viruses
6.2 Action Against Bacteria
6.3 Action Against Free Radicals
6.4 Action Against Malignancy
6.5 Action Against Fungi
7 Challenges
8 Metabolic Engineering Aspects
8.1 Engineering Biosynthesis in Microbial Terpenoids
8.2 Engineering Biosynthesis in Plant Terpenoids
8.3 Engineering Biosynthesis in Plant Phenylpropanoids
9 Case Study: Sandalwood Oil
9.1 Initial Detection of the Gene and Full-Sequence cDNA Cloning
9.2 Results of This Study 6.2 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra HPLC
6.3 Hyphenated Chromatographic Techniques
7 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Essential Oils: An Update on Their Biosynthesis and Genetic Strategies to Overcome the Production Challenges
1 Introduction
2 Sources and Plant Defense Responsibility
3 Biosynthesis of Essential Oils
3.1 The MVA Pathway
3.2 The MEP Pathway
3.3 Formation of Prenyldiphosphates
3.4 The Shikimate Pathway
4 Synthesis of Essential Oils
4.1 From Cell and Callus Cultures
4.2 From Hairy Root Cultures 9.2.1 The Functional Documentation of SaCYP76Fs of Clade I and II, In Vitro
9.2.2 Discrete Sesquiterpene Mediated Clade I and II SaCYP76F Characterization
9.2.3 Synthesis of Bergamotol and Santalols in Altered Yeast Cells
9.3 Inferences from This Study
10 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites in Plants as Influenced by Different Factors
1 Introduction
2 Metabolomics Engineering
2.1 Approaches in Plant Metabolomics
2.1.1 Targeted Metabolomics
2.1.2 Un/Non-targeted Metabolomics Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE)
Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)
Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
5 Identification and Characterization
5.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography and Bio-autography Technique
5.2 UV-Visible Spectroscopy
5.3 Infrared Spectroscopy: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
5.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
5.5 Mass Spectrometry
6 Phytochemical Screening Assays
6.1 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)