Bookauthors: Wen-Xiong Wang, Philip S. Rainbow.
Summary: The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is the Western name for a very large estuary in southern China that is currently home to an industrial metropolis of staggering size, and one that is rapidly evolving. The Chinese name for the Pearl River is Zhujiang. Guangzhou lies at the head of the estuary, and Macau and Hong Kong are on the western and eastern sides, respectively, of the wide opening of the estuary to the South China Sea. The new cities of Zhuhai and Shenzhen lie immediately north of Macau and Hong Kong, respectively. The recent establishment of the Greater Bay Area (GBA), which covers the majority of the Pearl River Delta area, with a total population of over 70 million, will certainly put the PRE under strict environmental scrutiny. The PRE system itself will provide a model system for environmental scientists owing to its major anthropogenic perturbation and influences, as well as the highly dynamic nature of the estuary. This book addresses the major environmental concerns regarding this estuary, contaminants and other pollutants, e.g. toxic metals, organic contaminants and emerging compounds. Questions addressed here include: What are the sources of the contaminants? What have the environmental consequences of these contaminants been for the estuary? What will the future bring? The research presented here on the Pearl River Estuary offers a wealth of insights for other major contaminated estuaries around the world.
Contents:
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Introduction
History
Hong Kong
Macao
Urbanization and Industrial Development
Pollution
Reference
Physical Geography
Water Flows and Circulation
Tide
Bottom Topography and Sediment
Ecosystem and Fisheries
Water Quality Monitoring
References
Pollution in the Pearl River Estuary
Eutrophication
Trace Metals
Organic Compounds
Hydrocarbons
Halogenated Organic Compounds
Organochlorine Pesticides
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Alternative Halogenated Flame Retardants (AHFRs)
Organophosphorus Compounds
Organophosphate Flame Retardants
Organophosphorus Pesticides
Xenoestrogens
Pharmaceuticals
Personal Care Products
Other Emerging Contaminants
Other Pesticides
Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)
Microplastics
Conclusions
References
Trace Metals in the Water Column and Sediments
Trace Metals in the Water Column
Trace Metal Concentrations in the Water Column of the Pearl River Estuary Bioavailability
Dissolved Bioavailability
Bioavailability from Food
Uptake of Trace Metals from Sediments
Accumulation
Metabolic Requirements for Essential Trace Metals
Detoxification
Accumulation, Detoxification and Toxicity
Biomonitoring
Pearl River Estuary Invertebrates
Oysters
Mussels
Clams
Scallops
Importance of Bivalve Family
Barnacles
Fish
Mercury
Food Chains
Cetaceans
Conclusions
References
Trace Metal Contamination of Seafood from the Pearl River Estuary
Regulatory Limits
Molluscs
Oysters
Mussels
Clams Geochemistry of Trace Metals in the Water Column of the Pearl River Estuary
Ecotoxicology of Trace Metals in the Water Column of the Pearl River Estuary
Trace Metals in Sediments
Trace Metal Concentrations in Sediments
Bioavailability and Ecotoxicology of Trace Metals in Sediments
Trace Metal Concentrations in the Sediments of the Pearl River Estuary
Historical Changes
Ecotoxicology of Trace Metals in the Sediments of the Pearl River Estuary
Exchangeability and Bioavailability
References
Trace Metals in Pearl River Estuary Organisms
Bioaccumulation
Uptake Scallops
Gastropods
Crustaceans
Prawns, Mantis Shrimps and Crabs
Fish
Conclusions
References
Trace Metals and Ecotoxicological Effects in the Pearl River Estuary
Biomarkers
Pearl River Estuary Oysters
Pearl River Estuary Dolphins
Conclusions
References
Future Needs
Environmental Transport
Ecotoxicological Impacts
Ecosystem Management and Conservation
The Greater Bay Area
Index