BookDragana Sobic Saranovic, Mariza Vorster, Sanjay Gambhir, Thomas Neil Pascual, editors.
Summary: This book covers both the science of PET/CT imaging in tuberculosis and the impact that this technique can have on disease management through the provision of high-quality evidence regarding function and structure. The scientific principles of PET/CT, the radiopharmaceuticals used in the context of tuberculosis (FDG and non-FDG tracers), patient preparation, and imaging protocols are fully explained. Imaging findings obtained in different settings, including pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis and HIV co-infection, and evaluation of response to antituberculous therapy, are described with the aid of many high-quality illustrations. Attention is drawn to mimics of tuberculosis, pitfalls, and limitations. The book will be an excellent asset for referring clinicians, nuclear medicine/radiology physicians, radiographers/technologists, and nurses who routinely work in nuclear medicine and participate in multidisciplinary meetings.
Contents:
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1: Tuberculosis: A General Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Epidemiology
1.1.2 Geographic Distribution
1.2 Risk Factors for Active TB (Progression from Latent TB Infection)
1.3 Clinical Presentation
1.4 Physical Examination
1.5 Diagnosis
1.5.1 Other Investigations
1.5.2 Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)
1.5.3 Challenges in TB Diagnosis
1.6 Special Categories
1.6.1 TB and HIV
1.6.1.1 Immune Reconstitution TB
1.6.1.2 Drug-Resistant TB
1.6.1.3 TB in Children 1.7 Future Developments
1.8 Conclusion
References
2: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Microbiological and Imaging Perspective
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Investigations-Microbiological Tests
2.1.1.1 Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test
2.1.1.2 Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
2.1.1.3 Sputum Smear Microscopy
2.1.1.4 Fluorescent Microscopy
2.1.1.5 Mycobacterial Culture
2.1.1.6 Molecular Test
2.1.1.7 Drug Sensitivity Testing
2.1.1.8 Biomarker Tests
2.1.1.9 Challenges for Microbiological Diagnosis
2.1.2 Imaging in TB
2.1.2.1 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2.1.2.2 Postprimary Tuberculosis
2.1.2.3 Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
2.1.3 Tuberculous Lymphadenopathy
2.1.3.1 Ultrasonography
2.1.3.2 CT and MRI
2.1.3.3 18F-FDG PET-CT
2.1.4 Abdominal Tuberculosis
2.1.4.1 Abdominal Lymphadenopathy
2.1.4.2 Peritoneal Tuberculosis
2.1.4.3 Gastrointestinal Tract Tuberculosis
Barium Studies
Computed Tomography
2.1.4.4 Hepatosplenic Tuberculosis
2.1.4.5 Adrenal Tuberculosis
2.1.4.6 Genitourinary Tuberculosis
2.1.4.7 Renal Tuberculosis
2.1.5 Female Genital Organs
2.1.6 Male Genital Organs 2.1.7 Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis
2.1.7.1 Tubercular Spondylitis
Bone Scintigraphy
18F-FDG PET-CT
2.1.8 CNS Tuberculosis
2.1.8.1 Tubercular Leptomeningitis
2.1.8.2 Tubercular Pachymeningitis
2.1.8.3 Tuberculoma
Computed Tomography
MRI
2.1.8.4 Tubercular Abscess
2.1.8.5 Rhombencephalitis
2.1.8.6 Encephalopathy
2.1.8.7 Spinal and Meningeal Involvement
2.1.9 Other Tuberculosis
2.1.9.1 Emerging Role of PET-CT: Challenges and Limitations
2.1.9.2 TB Associated with HIV Infection
2.2 Conclusion
References 3: Radiological Imaging in Tuberculosis
3.1 Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis
3.2 Postprimary Pulmonary Tuberculosis
3.3 Radiological Patterns Encountered in Both Primary and/or Postprimary TB
3.3.1 Miliary Tuberculosis
3.3.2 Pleural Tuberculosis
3.3.3 Tracheobronchial TB
3.4 Complications
3.5 Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
3.5.1 Genitourinary Tuberculosis
3.5.2 Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis
3.5.3 Central Nervous System Tuberculosis
3.5.4 Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis
References
4: Management of Tuberculosis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Prevention