BookGeraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior, Elizabeth De Francesco Daher, Elvino Barros, editors.
Summary: This unique book provides an introduction to the fascinating field of tropical nephrology, covering nephrology, infectious diseases and tropical medicine. These topics are connected since numerous infectious and parasitic diseases affect the kidneys and are endemic in the tropical areas of the globe. Considered neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization, they are largely linked to poverty and lack policies to prevent, treat and decrease their prevalence and incidence. The tropics currently encompass nearly 150 countries and account for 40% of the world's population, and it is predicted that by 2050 this figure will rise to 55%. Most of the countries in the tropical regions have been classified by the World Bank as low-middle income countries and have limited access to services, including health care. As such, this highly topical book is of interest to a large number of healthcare professionals and researchers who are in contact with tropical diseases, especially those investigating their complications, such as kidney injury. Divided into 23 chapters, it describes the most prevalent tropical diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys. It also presents the most recent epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, details of kidney involvement, including the pathophysiology of kidney injury, and the current treatment for each disease.
Contents:
Intro
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Tropical Diseases: A Public Health Problem with Impact on Nephrology
1.1 Geography of the Tropics
1.2 Overview of Tropical Renal Diseases
1.3 Public Health Risk Dimensions That Have an Impact on Tropical Renal Diseases
1.3.1 Environmental Factors
1.3.2 Socioeconomic Factors
1.3.3 Process of Care Factors
1.3.3.1 Shortage of Nephrologist in the Tropics
1.3.4 Exposure Factors
1.4 Inherent Factors 1.5 Tropical Renal Diseases and the "One Health" Approach
1.6 Strategies to Improve AKI Recognition in the Tropics
1.6.1 Risk Assessment and Use of Clinical Risk Scores
1.6.2 Increased Recognition of AKI by Electronic Alerts and Telemedicine
1.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Renal Function Evaluation in Tropical Diseases
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Clinical Assessment of Renal Function (Glomerular Filtration)
2.3 Methods and Equations That Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate
2.4 Equations Used to Estimate Renal Function Based on Serum Creatinine Levels 2.5 Recommendations to Better Estimate Renal Function Through Glomerular Filtration Rate in Clinical Practice
2.6 Tubular Function Assessment
2.6.1 Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa+)
2.6.2 Transtubular Potassium Gradient (TTKG)
2.6.3 Urine/Plasma Osmolarity Ratio
2.6.4 Solute-Free Water Transport
2.6.5 Plasma Osmolarity
2.6.6 Urinary Acidification Test
2.6.7 Urinary Concentration Test
References
Chapter 3: Snakebites Accidents and Renal Complications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Species Involved in Snakebite Accidents 3.3 Main Snake Venom Activities and Components
3.4 Clinical Characteristics of Envenomations
3.5 Treatment
3.6 Systemic and Local Complications
3.7 Kidney Injury in Snakebite Accidents
3.8 Management of Kidney Injury in Snakebite Accidents
References
Chapter 4: Hemorrhagic Accidents Caused by Lonomia obliqua
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Epidemiology
4.3 Lonomia Venom Mechanism of Action
4.4 Clinical Picture
4.5 Diagnosis
4.6 Treatment
4.7 Prognosis
4.8 Choosing Wisely
References
Chapter 5: Toxic Acute Kidney Injury
5.1 Introduction 5.2 Epidemiology of Acute Poisonings
5.3 Medicines
5.3.1 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)
5.3.2 Acetaminophen
5.3.3 Psychotropics
5.4 Pesticides
5.4.1 Household Cleaners
5.4.2 Natural Plant Substances
5.5 Legal and Illegal Drugs
5.5.1 Alcohol
5.5.2 Cocaine
5.5.3 Synthetic Cannabinoids
5.5.4 Heroin
5.5.5 Amphetamines
5.6 Venomous Animals
5.6.1 Snakes
5.6.2 Wasps
5.6.3 Spiders
5.7 Elimination Methods - Dialysis
References
Chapter 6: Tropical Diseases in Kidney Transplantation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Transmission Routes 6.3 Clinical Presentation Particularities