BookAlexander Pfeifer, Martin Klingenspor, Stephan Herzig, editors.
Summary: The main focus of this book is on brown adipose tissue and its metabolic function. The book provides a timely update on the latest research and shows where the field is heading. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy and has received considerable attention in the last few years, having been re-discovered in adult humans in 2007/9. Moreover, BAT might offer a target for novel therapies to address obesity, a health condition that has reached pandemic dimensions.
Contents:
Intro; Preface; Contents; Brown Adipose Tissue Development and Metabolism; 1 Introduction and Background; 1.1 Overview; 1.2 Basics of Non-shivering Thermogenesis; 1.3 Brown Fat Anatomy and Morphology; 1.4 BAT Vascularization and Innervation; 1.5 Transcriptional Control of Brown Adipocyte Differentiation; 2 Brown Fat Growth; 2.1 Techniques for Studying BAT Development; 2.1.1 FACS; 2.1.2 Lineage Tracing; 2.2 Brown Adipocyte Origins; 2.3 Postnatal and Adult Brown Fat Growth and Metabolism; 3 Other Thermogenic Adipocytes; 3.1 Brite/Beige Adipocytes; 3.2 Brite/Beige Adipocyte Origins 3.2 Flow Cytometry for Evaluation of Cell Culture Purity4 Confluence; 5 Initiation of Differentiation; 6 Differentiation; 7 Validation of Cell Cultures; 8 Considerations; 8.1 Cell Passaging; 8.2 Differentiation With or Without Serum; 8.3 Inducing Brown Adipogenesis with External Factors; References; In Vitro Models for Study of Brown Adipocyte Biology; 1 Introduction; 2 In Vitro Adipocyte Research Tools; 3 Commonly Used In Vitro Models for Studying Brown Adipocyte Biology; 3.1 Characteristics of Brown Adipocytes; 3.2 Brown Adipose Tissue Explant Culture; 3.3 Primary Culture 3.4 Brown Adipocyte Cell Lines 3.4.1 T37i; 3.4.2 WT-1; 3.4.3 HIB 1B; 3.4.4 PAZ6; 4 Conditionally Immortalised Brown Adipocyte Cell Lines; 5 Self-Immortalised Adipocyte Cell Lines; 6 Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts; 7 Human Multipotent Adipose-Derived Stem Cells; 8 Pluripotent Stem Cells; 9 Conclusion; References; Brown-Like Adipocyte Progenitors Derived from Human iPS Cells: A New Tool for Anti-obesity Drug Discovery and Cell-Based Thera ... ; 1 Introduction; 2 Capacity of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Generate BAs; 3 Pathways Governing hiPSC-BAP Adipogenic Capacity 4 Going Forward4.1 Unanswered Questions and Future Goals; 4.2 Prospects for BAT-Based Therapeutics; References; Lessons from Cre-Mice and Indicator Mice; 1 Introduction; 2 Techniques to Create Transgenic Mouse Lines; 3 Tamoxifen Inducible vs. Dox-Inducible Recombinase Systems; 4 The ap2 Promoter; 5 The Adiponectin Promoter; 6 The Ucp1 Promoter; 7 Genetic Mouse Models to Disrupt Mature Brown Adipocyte Function; 8 Lessons from Fat but Non-brown Fat-Specific Gene Targeting and Tracing; 9 Indicator Mice of Brown Fat Function; 10 White/Brown/Brite Adipocyte-Specific Labeling; References Aging of Brown and Beige/Brite Adipose Tissue1 Introduction; 2 General Aspects of White and Brown Adipose Tissue Aging; 3 Molecular Characteristics of Brown Adipose Tissue Aging; 4 Cellular Senescence: Stem Cell Dysfunction; 5 Extracellular Matrix and Adipose Tissue Aging; 6 Neuronal Regulation of Aging Brown Adipocytes; 7 Age-Related Changes to the Endocrine Regulation of Brown Adipocytes; 8 Contribution of Inflammatory Processes to BAT Atrophy; 9 Conclusion; References; Adipogenesis in Primary Cell Culture; 1 Introduction; 2 Biopsy; 3 Proliferation; 3.1 Priming/Adipocyte Commitment