BookEnrico Marani, Ciska Heida.
Summary: This book offers a critical review of the head and neck from an anatomical, physiological and clinical perspective. It begins by providing essential anatomical and physiological information, then discusses historical and current views on specific aspects in subsequent chapters. For example, the anatomy of the skull cap or cranial vault provided in the first chapter is discussed in the context of malformation and identity, as well as the development of the bony skull, in the following chapters. These chapters provide stepping-stones to guide readers through the book. There are new fields of research and technological developments in which Anatomy and Physiology lose track of progress. One of the examples discussed is the automated face recognition. In some respects, e.g. when it comes to cancers and malformations, our understanding of the head and neck - and the resulting therapeutic outcomes - have been extremely disappointing. In others, such as injuries following car accidents, there have been significant advances in our understanding of head and neck dysfunctions and their treatment. Therefore head movements, also during sleep, and head and neck reflexes are discussed. The book makes unequivocal distinctions between correct and incorrect assumptions and provides a critical review of alternative clinical methods for head and neck dysfunctions, such as physiotherapy and lymphatic drainage for cancers. Moreover, it discusses the consequences of various therapeutic measures for physiological and biomechanical conditions, as well as puberty and aging. Lastly, it addresses important biomedical engineering developments for hearing e.g. cochlear implants and for applying vestibular cerebellar effects for vision.
Contents:
Intro; Preface; References; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Compartments of Head and Neck; 1.2 Spatial and Structural Relations; 1.3 Paired and Unpaired Structures; 1.4 Coherence Spatial; 1.5 What Is Said of Head and Neck and One's Personality?; 1.6 Head and Neck and Quitilian's Rhetoric; 1.7 Head Transplantation; 1.8 Head and Neck Summary; References; 2 The Skullcap, Cranial Vault or Calvarium; 2.1 Introduction: Landmarks of the Skull; 2.1.1 The Mona Lisa; 2.1.2 Dante Alighieri; 2.2 Trepanation; 2.2.1 History and Research; 2.2.2 Human Migration Worldwide 2.2.3 Frequency of Trepanation2.2.4 Amulets and Postmortem Trepanation; 2.2.5 Modern Surgical Trepanation; 2.2.5.1 Modern Neurosurgery; 2.2.5.2 Witch Doctor Surgery in Africa; Arabic and Byzantine Trepanation and the Treatment of Head Wounds; Undertaker; 2.3 Calvarium Research; 2.3.1 Spaceflights; 2.3.2 Sutures, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor and Craniosynostosis; 2.4 Skull Structure and Yellow Bone Marrow; 2.5 Vesalius (1514-1564) and Skull Morphology; 2.6 Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) and the "Oldest" Miniature-Scale Sculpture of the Skull; 2.7 Epilepsy and Electrodes; References 3 Malformation and Identity3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Terminology; 3.3 Head and Neck Malformations; 3.3.1 Acardiacus; 3.4 Identity; 3.5 Neural Crest Malformations; 3.5.1 Neural Crest and Placodes; 3.5.1.1 Cephalic Migration (Figs. 3.7 and 3.8); 3.5.1.2 Trunk Migration (Figs. 3.7 and 3.8); 3.5.2 Placodes; 3.5.3 Craniofacial Malformations: Holoprosencephaly; References; 4 The Development of the Bony Skull; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Breaks in Growth Velocity; 4.3 Principles of Skull Development; 4.4 Mesoderm, Neural Crest and Placode; 4.5 Eye Dominance and the Orbit; 4.6 Foetal Movements and Skull Growth 4.6.1 The Mandible4.7 The Skull Base Development; 4.7.1 Neuromere Borders and Crest Cell Migration; 4.7.2 The Development of the Tympanic Cavity and the Tympanic Ring; 4.8 The Jugular Foramen; References; 5 Gustation, The Act or Sensation of Tasting; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Taste and Its Definition; 5.3 Henning Again; 5.4 Changing Your Taste: A Puzzling Mystery; 5.5 Transmitting the Taste Signal; 5.6 Taste and Pregnancy; 5.7 Diseases and Taste; 5.8 Understanding Taste Information; 5.9 The "Fusion" Kitchen: Clove, Oregano and Chilli; 5.10 Reflexes, Taste and the Tongue 5.10.1 Blowfly Snout Reflex5.10.2 Human Tongue Reflex; 5.11 Manipulation of Taste; References; 6 Oral Cavity: Tongue, Palate and Teeth; 6.1 Intermezzo: Topography of Spaces in Head and Neck; 6.2 Teeth; 6.2.1 Awareness of the Oral Cavity: Carious Toothache; 6.2.2 Tooth Eruption; 6.3 The Tongue; 6.4 Supra- and Infrahyoidal Muscles; 6.5 Substantia Nigra and the Oral Cavity; 6.6 The Soft Palate; 6.6.1 Anatomy and Function of the Soft Palate Muscles; 6.6.2 Innervation of the Muscles of the Upper Pharynx and Soft Palate; 6.6.3 Palate Myoclonus; References