BookChristian E.W. Steinberg.
Summary: This book is a unique cross fertilization of aquatic ecology and aquaculture. It shows how diets structure the digestive tract and its microbiota and, in turn, the microbiota influences life history traits of its host, including behavior. Short-term starvation can have beneficial effects on individuals themselves and succeeding generations which may acquire multiple stress resistances - a mechanism strengthening the persistence of populations. From terrestrial, but not yet from aquatic animals, it is understood that circadian the rhythmicity makes toxins or good food. On the long-term, the dietary basis impacts succeeding generations and can trigger a sympatric speciation by (epi)-genetics. This volume defines gaps in nutritional research and practice of farmed fishes and invertebrates by referring to knowledge from marine and freshwater biology. It also points out that dietary benefits and deficiencies have effects on several succeeding generations, indicating that well designed diets may have the potential to successfully improve broodstock and breeding effort.
Contents:
Intro; Preface; Contents; Abbreviations and Glossary; Chapter 1: Introduction
'You Are What You Eat'; Appendix; Technical Note; References; Chapter 2: Diets and Digestive Tracts
'Your Food Determines Your Intestine'; 2.1 Digestive Tract; 2.2 Digestion; 2.2.1 Protein Digestion; 2.2.2 Lipid Digestion; 2.2.3 Carbohydrate Digestion; 2.3 Ontogenesis and the Intestine; 2.3.1 Fishes; 2.3.2 Invertebrates; 2.3.2.1 Echinoderms; 2.3.2.2 Crustaceans; 2.4 Herbivory, a Disadvantageous Acquization Strategy?; 2.4.1 Fishes; 2.4.2 Invertebrates; 2.5 Starvation and Gut Morphology. 2.6 Trophic Positions: An Omnivores' Dilemma?2.7 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 3: The Intestinal Microbiota
'Your Eating Feeds a Plethora of Guests' and 'This Plethora of Guests Determines Who You Are and How Well You Do'; 3.1 Invertebrates; 3.1.1 Hydrozoa; 3.1.2 Mollusks; 3.1.3 Echinoderms; 3.1.4 Crustaceans; 3.2 Fishes; 3.2.1 Microbiome Ontogenesis; 3.2.2 Does a Core Microbiome Exist?; 3.2.2.1 Microbiome and Starvation; 3.2.2.2 Host's Impact on Microbiota; 3.2.2.3 Environmental Impact on Microbiota; 3.2.2.4 Diet; 3.2.3 Zebrafish as Witness of Microbiome Development. 3.2.4 Control Functions by Gut Microbiota3.2.4.1 Circadian Clock; 3.2.4.2 Behavior; 3.2.4.3 Development and Health; 3.3 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 4: Dietary Restriction, Starvation, Compensatory Growth
'Short-Term Fasting Does Not Kill You: It Can Make You Stronger'; 4.1 Indicators of Starvation; 4.2 Starvation Tolerance and Starvation Impact; 4.2.1 Cnidarians; 4.2.2 Rotifers; 4.2.3 Mollusks; 4.2.4 Echinoderms; 4.2.5 Crustaceans; 4.2.5.1 Ostracods; 4.2.5.2 Cladocerans; 4.2.5.3 Copepods; 4.2.5.4 Amphipods and Isopods; 4.2.5.5 Euphausiids; 4.2.5.6 Decapods; 4.2.6 Fishes. 4.2.6.1 Livebearers4.2.6.2 Cavefish; 4.2.6.3 Killifishes; 4.2.7 Summary of Starvation Effects; 4.2.8 Starvation: Point-of-no-Return; 4.3 Compensatory Growth; 4.3.1 Invertebrates; 4.3.1.1 Mollusks; 4.3.1.2 Crustaceans; 4.3.1.3 Insects; 4.3.2 Fishes; 4.3.2.1 Overcompensatory Growth; 4.3.2.2 Costs of Compensatory Growth; 4.4 Compensatory Growth in Populations; 4.5 Regulation of Compensatory Growth; 4.5.1 Appetite-Regulating Hormones; 4.5.2 Neuropeptides; 4.5.3 Transcription of Growth Regulators; 4.5.3.1 Information from Transgenic Animals; 4.6 Concluding remarks; References. Chapter 5: Chrononutrition
'The Clock Makes Good Food'5.1 How Does a Biological Clock Work?; 5.1.1 Fishes; 5.1.2 Invertebrates; 5.2 Food and Circadian Gene Transcription; 5.2.1 Major Nutrients; 5.2.2 Xenobiotic or Antinutritional Compounds; 5.3 Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 6: Transgenerational Effects
'Your Offspring Will Become What You Eat'; 6.1 Parental Effects; 6.1.1 Maternal Effects; 6.1.1.1 Invertebrates; 6.1.1.2 Fishes; Egg and Embryo Quality; Transgenerational Metabolic Programming; Offspring Immunity and Fecundity; 6.1.2 Paternal Effects; 6.1.2.1 Male Pregnancy.