BookPierre Pontarotti editor.
Summary: The book includes 19 selected contributions presented at the 21st Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in Marseille in September 2017. The chapters are grouped into the following five categories: · Genome/Phenotype Evolution · Self/Nonself Evolution · Origin of Biodiversity · Origin of Life · Concepts The annual Evolutionary Biology Meetings in Marseille serve to gather leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists using evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research. The aim of these meetings is to promote the exchange of ideas to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Offering an up-to-date overview of recent findings in the field of evolutionary biology, this book is in invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.
Contents:
Intro; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Genome/Phenotype Evolution; Pmela and Tyrp1b Contribute to Melanophore Variation in Mexican Cavefish; 1 Introduction; 2 Materials and Methods; 2.1 Melanophore Scoring; 2.2 Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Association Mapping; 2.3 Gene Ontology (GO) Term Analysis; 2.4 RNA-Seq, Qualitative, and QPCR Expression Analyses; 2.5 Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization; 2.6 Functional Validation in Zebrafish with MO Knockdowns; 3 Results. 3 Mechanisms of Thermotolerance in S. cerevisiae4 Methods for Improving Stress Tolerance; 5 Acquisition of Thermotolerance in Yeast by Adaptive Evolution; 6 Comprehensive Analysis of the Thermotolerant Yeast Strain YK60-1; 7 Genomic Analysis to Identify the Key Mutations for Improved Thermotolerance; 8 Conclusions and Perspectives; References; The Domestication Syndrome in Phaseolus Crop Plants: A Review of Two Key Domestication Traits; 1 Introduction; 2 Domestication Areas of Phaseolus Beans; 3 Phenotypic Evaluations of Two Key Domestication Traits in Phaseolus Beans; 3.1 Pod Shattering. 3.1 Cavefish × Surface Fish Hybrid Individuals Demonstrate Diversity in Melanophore Numbers in Distinct Regions Spanning the Body3.2 QTL Analysis Revealed 19 Genomic Regions Associated with Complex Melanophore Variation; 3.3 Comparative Analyses Narrowed Melanophore QTL Positions to Critical Genomic Regions in Astyanax and Danio; 3.4 Tyrp1b and Pmela Are Two Candidate Genes Associated with Numerical Melanophore Diversity; 3.5 Tyrp1b and Pmela Demonstrate Distinct Melanophore-Specific Expression Patterns Between Cave and Surface Morphotypes. 3.6 Functional Analyses of Tyrp1b and Pmela Reveal Altered Melanophore Dispersion and Structure in Morphants4 Discussion; 4.1 Tyrp1b and Pmela Contribute to Melanophore Number Variation in Cavefish; 4.2 Analysis of Complex Pigmentation Informs the Genetic Basis for Regressive Evolution in Cavefish; 4.3 Astyanax mexicanus Enables Investigation of Degenerative Pigmentation Disorders; References; Adaptive Evolution of Yeast Under Heat Stress and Genetic Reconstruction to Generate Thermotolerant Yeast; 1 Introduction; 2 Heat Stress in S. cerevisiae. 4 Seed Size5 Molecular Genetics and Genetic Architecture of Pod Shattering; 6 Genetic Architecture of Seed Weight; 7 Conclusions; References; Tracing the Evolutionary Origin of the Gut-Brain Axis; 1 Introduction-The Holobiont Imperative; 2 Developmental Symbiosis and the Evolution of New Organs; 3 Thoughts About the Evolution of the Nervous System; 4 Of Neurological Disorders and Animals as Complex Systems: Why Bacteria Matter; 5 The Gut-Brain Axis; 6 The Hydra Holobiont-A Model Organism to Study the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis; 7 Hydra Neurons Shape the Microbiota.