BookMark F. Bear, Ph. D., Picower Professor of Neuroscience,
... Show More the Picower Insititute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Insitute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Barry W. Connors, Ph. D., L. Herbert Ballou University Professor, Professor of Neuroscience and Chair, Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, Michael A. Paradiso, Ph. D., Sidney A. Fox and Dorothea Doctors Fox Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
Summary: "Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain surveys the organization and function of the human nervous system. We present material at the cutting edge of neuroscience in a way that is accessible to both science and nonscience students alike. The level of the material is comparable to an introductory college text in general biology. The book is divided into four parts: Part I, Foundations; Part II, Sensory and Motor Systems; Part III, The Brain and Behavior; and Part IV, The Changing Brain. We begin Part I by introducing the modern field of neuroscience and tracing some of its historical antecedents. Then we take a close look at the structure and function of individual neurons, how they communicate chemically, and how these building blocks are arranged to form a nervous system. In Part II, we go inside the brain to examine the structure and function of the systems that serve the senses and command voluntary movements. In Part III, we explore the neurobiology of human behavior, including motivation, sex, emotion, sleep, language, attention, and mental illness. Finally, in Part IV, we look at how the environment modifies the brain, both during development and in adult learning and memory"--Provided by publisher.
Contents:
pt. I. Foundations
1. Neuroscience : past, present, and future
The origins of neuroscience
Views of the brain in ancient Greece
Views of the brain during the Roman Empire
Views of the brain from the Renaissance to the Nineteenth Century
Nineteenth-Century views of the brain
Neuroscience today
Levels of analysis
Molecular
Cellular
Systems
Behavioral
Cognitive
Neuroscientists
The scientific process
Use of animals in neuroscience research
Animal welfare
Animal rights
The cost of ignorance : nervous system disorders
2. Neurons and glia
The Neuron doctrine
The Golgi stain
Cajal's contribution
The prototypical neuron
The soma --The nucleus
Neuronal genes, genetic variation, and genetic engineering
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
The mitochondrion
The neuronal membrane
The cytoskeleton
The axon
Dendrites
Classifying neurons
Neuronal structure
Gene expression
Glia
Astrocytes
Meylinating glia
Other non-neuronal cells
3. The neuronal membrane at rest
The cast of chemicals
Cytosol and extracellular fluid
The phospholipid membrane
Protein
The movement of ions
Diffusion
Electricity
The ionic basis of the membrane potential
4. The action potential
Properties of the action potential
The action potential, in theory
Membrane currents and conductances
The action potential, in reality
The voltage-gated sodium channel
Action potential conduction
Conduction velocity
Myelin and saltatory conduction
Action potentials, axons, and dendrites
5. Synaptic transmission
Electrical synapses
Chemical synapses
Principles of chemical synaptic transmission
Neurotransmitters
Principles of synaptic integration
Neuropharmacology
6. Neurotransmitter systems
Transmitter release
Synaptic mimicry
Receptors
Ligand-binding
Neurotransmitter chemistry
cholinergic neurons
Catecholaminergic neurons
Serotonergic neurons
Amino acidergic neurons
Other neurotransmitter candidates and intercellular messengers
Transmitter-gated channels
G-protein-coupled receptors and effectors
Divergence and convergence in neurotransmitter systems
7. The structure of the nervous system
Gross organization of the mammalian nervous system
The central nervous system
The peripheral nervous system
The cranial nerves
The meninges
The ventricular system
Understanding CNS structure through development
Neural tube
Three primary brain vesicles
Differentiation of the forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
spinal cord
Special features of the human CNS
A guide to the cerebral cortex
Appendix : an illustrated guide to human neuroanatomy. pt. II. Sensory and motor systems
8. The chemical senses
Taste
Basic tastes
Organs of taste
Taste receptor cells
Mechanisms of taste transduction
Central taste pathways
Neural coding of taste
Smell
The organs of smell
Olfactory receptor neurons
Central olfactory pathways
Spatial and temporal representations of olfactory information
9. The eye
Properties of light
Light
Optics
The structure of the eye
Gross anatomy of the eye
Cross-sectional anatomy of the eye
Image formation by the eye
Refraction by the cornea
Accommodation by the lens
The Pupillary light reflex
The visual field
Visual acuity
Microscopic anatomy of the retina
Photoreceptor structure
Phototransduction
Rods
cones
Dark and light adaptation
Calcium's role
Local adaptation of dark, light, and color
Retinal processing and output
Receptive field
Bipolar cell receptive fields
Ganglion cell receptive fields
Ganglion cell photoreceptors
Parallel processing
10. The central visual system
The retinofugal projection
The optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract
Right and left visual hemifields
Targets of the optic tract
The lateral geniculate nucleus
Anatomy of the striate cortex
Retinotopy
Cytochrome oxidase blobs
Physiology of the striate cortex
Receptive fields
Parallel pathways and cortical modules
Beyond the striate cortex
The dorsal stream
The ventral stream
From single neurons to perception
11. The auditory and vestibular systems
The nature of sound
The structure of the auditory system
The middle ear
Ossicles
The attenuation reflex
The inner ear
anatomy of the cochlea
Hair cells and the axons of the auditory nerve
Central auditory processes
Auditory pathway
Encoding sound intensity and frequency
Stimulus frequency, tonotopy, and phase locking
Mechanism of sound localization
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
Auditory cortex
Neuronal response properties
Effects of auditory cortical lesions and ablation
The vestibular system
The vestibular labyrinth
The otolith organs
The semicircular canals
Central vestibular pathways and vestibular reflexes
Vestibular pathology
12. The somatic sensory system
Touch
Mechanoreceptors of the skin
Vibration and the pacinian corpuscle
Mechanosensitive ion channels
Primary afferent axons
The spinal cord
The dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway
The trigeminal touch pathway
Somatosensory cortex
Pain
Nociceptors and the transduction of painful stimuli
Hyperalgesia and inflammation
Itch
Primary afferents and spinal mechanisms
Ascending pain pathways
The spinothalamic pain pathway
The trigeminal pain pathway
The thalamus and cortex
The regulation of pain
Temperature
Thermoreceptors
The temperature pathway
13. Spinal control of movement
The somatic motor system
The lower motor neuron
Alpha motor neurons
Types of motor units
Excitation-contraction coupling
Muscle fiber structure
Spinal control of motor units
Proprioception from muscle spindles
Gamma motor neurons
Proprioception from golgi tendon organs
Spinal interneurons
The generation of spinal motor programs for walking
14. Brain control of movement
Descending spinal tracts
The lateral pathways
The ventromedial pathways
The planning of movement by the cerebral cortex
Motor cortex
Posterior parietal and prefrontal cortex
Neuronal correlates of motor planning
Mirror neurons
The basal ganglia
Basal ganglia disorders
The initiation of movement by primary motor cortex
The cerebellum
The motor loop through the lateral cerebellum. pt. III. The brain and behavior
15. Chemical control of the brain and behavior
The secretory hypothalamus
Homeostasis --Pathways to the pituitary
The autonomic nervous system
ANS circuits
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
The enteric division
Neurotransmitters and the pharmacology of autonomic function
Preganglionic neurotransmitters
Postganglionic neurotransmitters
The diffuse modulatory systems of the brain
The serotonergic raphe nuclei
The dopaminergic substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area
The cholinergic basal forebrain and brain stem complexes
Drugs and the diffuse modulatory systems
Hallucinogens
Stimulants
16. Motivation
The hypothalamus, homeostasis, and motivated behavior
The long-term regulation of feeding behavior
energy balance
Hormonal and hypothalamic regulation of body fat and feeding
The short-term regulation of feeding behavior
Appetite, eating digestion, and satiety
Ghrelin
Gastric distension
Cholecystokinin
Insulin
Why do we eat?
Reinforcement and reward
The role of dopamine in motivation
Serotonin, food, and mood
Other motivated behaviors
Drinking
Temperature regulation
17. Sex and the brain
Sex and gender
The genetics of sex
Sex chromosome abnormalities
Sexual development and differentiation
The hormonal control of sex
Principal male and female hormones
Control of sex hormones by the pituitary and hypothalamus
The neural basis of sexual behaviors
Reproductive organs and their control
Mammalian mating strategies
The neurochemistry of reproductive behavior
Love, bonding and the human brain
Why and how male and female brains differ
Sexual dimorphisms of the central nervous system
Sexual dimorphisms of cognition
Sex hormones, the brain, and behavior
Direct genetic effects on behavior and sexual differentiation of the brain
The activational effects of sex hormones
Brain changes associated with maternal and paternal behavior
Estrogen effects on neuron function, memory, and disease
18. Brain mechanisms of emotion
Early theories and neural representations
The James-Lange Theory
The Cannon-Bard Theory
Implications of unconscious emotion
The limbic system
Broca's limbic lobe
The Papez circuit
Emotion theories and neural representations
Basic emotion theories
Dimensional emotion theories
What is an emotion?
Fear and the amygdala
The Klüver-Bucy Syndrome
Anatomy of the amygdala
Effects of amygdala stimulation and lesions
A neural circuit for learned fear
Anger and aggression
The amygdala and aggression
Neural components of anger and aggression beyond the amygdala
Anger, aggression, and the hypothalamus
The midbrain and aggression
Serotonergic regulation of anger and aggression
19. Brain rhythms and sleep
The electroencephalogram
Recording brain waves
EEG rhythms
Mechanisms and meanings of brain rhythms
Synchronous rhythms
Seizures of epilepsy
Sleep
The functional states of the brain
The sleep cycle
Why do we sleep?
Functions of dreaming and REM sleep
Neural mechanisms of sleep
Wakefulness and the ascending reticular activating system
Falling asleep and the non-REM state
Mechanism of REM sleep
Sleep-promoting factors
Gene expression during sleeping and waking
Circadian rhythms
Biological clocks
The suprachiasmatic nucleus : a brain clock
20. Language
What is language?
Human sound and speech production
Language in animals
Language acquisition
Genes involved in language
FOXP2 and verbal dyspraxia
Genetic factors in specific language impairment and dyslexia
The discovery of specialized language areas in the brain
Broca's Area and Wernicke's Area
Language insights from the study of aphasia
Broca's aphasia
Wernicke's aphasia
The Wernicke-Geschwind model of language and aphasia
Conduction aphasia
Aphasia in bilinguals and deaf people
Asymmetrical language processing the two cerebral hemispheres
Language processing split-brain humans
Left hemisphere language dominance
Language functions of the right hemisphere
anatomical asymmetry and language
Language studies using brain stimulation and human brain imaging
21. The resting brain, attention, and consciousness
Resting state brain activity
The brain's default mode network
Attention
Behavioral consequences of attention
Physiological effects of attention
Brain circuits for the control of attention
The pulvinar
The frontal eye fields, eye movements, and attention
Salience and priority maps
A priority map in the parietal lobe
The frontoparietal attention network
22. Mental illness
Mental illness and the brain
Psychosocial approaches to mental illness
Biological approaches to mental illness
Anxiety disorders
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia
Other disorders characterized by increased anxiety
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Biological bases of anxiety disorders
Treatments of anxiety disorders
Psychotherapy
Anxiolytic medications
Affective disorders
Major depression
Bipolar disorder
Biological bases of affective disorders
The monoamine hypothesis
The diathesis-stress hypothesis
Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction
Treatments for affective disorders-- Electroconvulsive therapy
Psychotherapy
Antidepressants
Lithium
Deep brain stimulation
Schizophrenia
Biological bases of schizophrenia
Genes and the environment
The dopamine hypothesis
The glutamate hypothesis
Treatments for schizophrenia. pt. IV. The changing brain
23. Wiring the brain
The genesis of neurons
Cell proliferation
Cell migration
Cell differentiation
Differentiation of cortical areas
The genesis of connections
The growing axon
Axon guidance
Synapse formation
The elimination of cells and synapses
Cell death
Changes in synaptic capacity
Activity-dependent synaptic rearrangement
Synaptic segregation
Synaptic convergence
Synaptic competition
Modulatory influences
Elementary mechanisms of cortical synaptic plasticity
24. Memory systems
Types of memory and amnesia
Declarative and nondeclarative memory
Procedural memory
Declarative memory
Amnesia
Working memory
The prefrontal cortex and working memory
Area LIP and working memory
Declarative memory
The neocortex and declarative memory
Hebb and the cell assembly
Studies implicating the medial temporal lobes
Temporal lobe amnesia
Temporal lobectomy and amnesia
An animal model of human amnesia
Memory functions of the hippocampal system
Hippocampal lesions
Spatial memory, place cells, and grid cells
Hippocampal functions beyond spatial memory
Consolidating memories and retaining engrams
Procedural memory
The striatum and procedural memory in rodents
Habit learning in humans and nonhuman primates
25. Molecular mechanisms of learning and memory
Memory acquisition
Cellular reports of memory formation
Distributed memory storage
Strengthening synapses
Anatomy of the hippocampus
Weakening synapses
LTP, LTD, and memory
Synaptic homeostasis
Metaplasticity
Synaptic scaling
Memory consolidation
Persistently active protein kinases
Protein synthesis and memory consolidation
synaptic tagging and capture
CREB and memory
Structural plasticity and memory.
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Books: General Collection (Downstairs)
QP355.2 .B425 2016
1