BookBernard Swynghedauw.
Summary: This book describes the fundamental process of senescence, and reviews a new concept developed by a number of research groups that is based on cellular senescence and its secretome. This concept provides a basic explanation of the main physiological and pathological features of senescence, and delineates possibilities for "treating" it. Following an introduction to the emerging medical landscape, the increasing incidence of a new epidemiological group (age-related "chronic non-transmissible diseases"), and the multiple origins of aging, the book explores and characterizes the senescent cell, which is linked to benign and pathological age-related manifestations. In turn, the closing chapters discuss how to "treat" or "prevent" the aging process, underscoring the central role of physical exercise and caloric reduction as compared to new senolytic approaches. Appendices are also provided, and address circadian rhythms, telomere shortening, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and senescence in plants and bacteria. Given its scope, the book will primarily be of interest to geriatricians, but will also appeal to a wider range of clinicians.
Contents:
Intro; Acknowledgment; Abbreviations; Contents;
1: Introduction; References;
2: The Emerging Medical Landscape; 2.1 The Overwhelming Human Responsibility; 2.2 The Two Recent Epidemiological Transitions; 2.2.1 Throughout the World; 2.3 The Emergencies; 2.3.1 The Two Out-Of-Control Risks: Nuclear Power and Poverty; 2.3.2 Age, the First of the Emerging Risks; 2.3.3 Incidence of Non-Transmissible Chronic Diseases; 2.3.4 Other Age-Linked Diseases; References;
3: The Origins of Ageing; 3.1 Genome Instability; 3.2 Genetics and Heredity; 3.3 Telomeres and Telomerase; 3.4 Proteostasis 3.5 Epigenetics3.6 Microbiota; References;
4: The Senescent Cell, SC; 4.1 The Overview; 4.2 Consequences of Stem/Precursor Cell Proliferation Arrest; 4.3 The SC Secretome; 4.4 Fibrosis; References;
5: The Nonfatal Clinical Manifestations of Ageing; 5.1 Hair, Skin, Adipose Tissue; 5.2 Bones, Muscles, and Joints; 5.3 General Conditions, Frailty Syndrome, Fluid Balance, Immune System; 5.4 Biological Rhythms; 5.5 The Senses and Sensitivity; References;
6: Age-Linked Non-Transmissible Diseases; 6.1 Cancers; 6.2 Neurodegenerative Diseases; 6.3 Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome 6.4 Lungs, Kidneys and Liver Diseases6.5 The Senescent CV System; 6.5.1 The Senescent Myocardium; 6.5.2 The Senescent Vascular System; 6.5.3 Consequences of Change in Characteristic Arterial Impedance; 6.5.4 The Clinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis; 6.5.5 Heart Failure in Senescence; 6.5.6 Atrial Fibrillation; References;
7: How to Treat or Prevent, or Slow Down, Cellular Ageing and Senescence?; 7.1 The Various Attempts at Reprogramming; 7.2 Calorie Restriction; 7.3 Physical Exercise; References;
8: Senescence: A Darwinian Evolutionary Perspective 8.1 Genetic Versus Environmental Factors in Senescence8.2 Senescence and Inflammation; References;
9: Conclusions; 9.1 The Accession of Gerontechnologies; 9.2 The Adaptive Capacities; 9.3 The Gerontological Aspects of the Making of Ignorance; References;
10: Summary; References; Annex A: Senescence in Plants and Bacteria; Annex B: Theories of Ageing; Complexity: Is Senescence Linked to a Loss of the Complexity That Is Inherently Linked to Life?; Annex C: Telomeres and Telomerase; Annex D: MicroRNAs, miRs; Annex E: Circadian Rhythms, a Fundamental Basis of Life; The Hypothalamic Clock Molecular MechanismsThe Peripheral Clocks; The Different Biological Rhythms: Sleep/Wakefulness; Hormones; Temperature; Molecular Correlations; Cell Physiology; Annex F: The Diabetic Heart; From a Biological Point of View; Glossary; References