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  • Book
    Toru Nakazawa, Yasushi Kitaoka, Takayuki Harada, editors.
    Summary: This book provides the latest findings on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration as potential therapeutic strategies for various eye diseases, namely, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal detachment, and retinitis pigmentosa. Glaucoma is one of the main causes of blindness throughout the world, and other diseases such as AMD and retinitis pigmentosa also lead to loss of vision. All these conditions are characterized by degeneration of specific retinal cell types, making it essential to establish treatments to protect retinal neurons and the optic nerve. With that aim in mind, this book explains the mechanisms underlying aforementioned diseases and their experimental models. The novel strategy proposals for the treatment of retinal diseases based on the concept of neuroprotection are also discussed in the main body of the text, while the section on regenerative research discusses optic nerve regeneration, endothelial progenitor cells, and iPS cells. This book is recommended as a professional reference work for all doctors and trainees in the field of ophthalmology who are interested in neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatments.

    Contents:
    Part I Neuroprotection for Glaucoma
    1. Molecular Architecture of Glutamate Signaling Pathway in Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
    2. Calcium and Calpain Activation
    3. Classical Signaling Pathways
    4. Antioxidative Treatment for Neuroprotection in Glaucoma
    5. ER stress
    6. Nitric Oxide Contributes to Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival Through Protein S-Nitrosylation after Optic Nerve Injury
    7. Neurotrophic factors
    8. RIP Kinase-Mediated Programmed Necrosis
    9. Axonal Degeneration
    10. Axonal Transport
    11. Interaction Between RGC Bodies and Glia
    12. Aquaporin in optic neuropathies
    13. Microglia
    Part II Neuroprotection for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Retinal Pigmentary Degeneration
    14. Neuroprotection for Photoreceptors
    15. Retinal Photooxidative Stress and Its Modifiers
    16. Roles of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Neuroprotection
    17. Oxidative Stress in the RPE and Its Contribution to AMD Pathogenesis; Implication of Light Exposure
    18. Interaction Between Photoreceptors and RPEs
    Part III Neuroprotection for Other Retinal Diseases
    19. Neuroprotection for Retinal Detachment
    20. Neuroinflammation
    21. Optic Neuritis
    22. Neuroprotection by Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Retinal Degeneration
    23. Optic Nerve Regeneration.
    Digital Access Springer 2014
  • Article
    Dooley DM, Sharkey J.
    Appl Neurophysiol. 1977-1978;40(2-4):208-17.
    The results of electrostimulation of the spinal cord for symptoms other than that of pain are recorded in this publication. 50% of patients with multiple sclerosis, primary lateral sclerosis and hereditary spino-cerebellar disorders were observed to have enduring favourable changes in neurological function during the 15 to 27 months they have been followed. The patients who were the least severely disabled had the greatest amount of increased function and were benefitted the most by the stimulation. Those who had the fewest neurological pathways affected make the most rapid progress. For example, the patient with only an ataxic or spastic gait was observed to improve faster than the patient with an ataxic and a spastic gait. The long-term effect of electrostimulation of the spinal cord on patients with these diseases is unknown at the present time. The purpose of the stimulation is to increase neurological function so that the patient can live a better life style. It is not thought that the electrical current is responsible for a 'cure' of the basic disease process. Electrostimulation of the posterior spinal roots and spinal cord, while not new, has not been used extensively for the treatment of patients with arterial disease. The patients who have responded the most dramatically to electrostimulation are those with vasospastic disorders. A larger percentage of patients showed a greater response to implanted stimulation than to transcutaneous stimulation. Electrostimulation of the nervous system is not designed to replace standard therapeutic measures of treatment of patients with vascular disease but to supplement them.
    Digital Access Access Options