BookPeter L. Elkin, editor.
Summary: This revised new edition containing numerous new and heavily updated chapters provides readers with the essential information needed to understand the central topics of terminology in healthcare, the understanding of which is an asset to be leveraged in care and research. Twenty-five years ago the notion that terminology should be concept-based was all but unknown in healthcare; now almost all important terminologies are at least partly concept-based. With no general model of what a terminology was or should be, there were no tools to support terminology development and maintenance. Steady progress since then has improved both terminology content and the technology and processes used to sustain that content. This new edition uses real world examples from the health sector to delineate the principal issues and solutions for the field of data representation. It includes a history of terminologies and in particular their use in healthcare, including inter-enterprise clinical and research data aggregation. Terminology, Ontology and their Implementations covers the basis, authoring and use of ontologies and reference terminologies including the formalisms needed to use them safely. The editor and his team of carefully chosen contributors exhaustively reviews the field of concept-based indexing and provides readers with an understanding of natural language processing and its application to health terminologies. The book discusses terminology services and the architecture for terminological servers and consequently serves as the basis for study for all students of health informatics.
Contents:
Intro
Introduction
Contents
Chapter 1: History of Health Terminology
References
Chapter 2: Knowledge Representation and Logical Basis of Ontology
Mapping Free Text Data into a Structured and Logical Form
Symbolic Logic
Glossary
Identity of Compositional Expressions Can Be Expressed in the Following Fashion
Object Orientation
What Is UML?
UML Views
UML Diagrams
Class Diagram
Class Attributes
Class Operations
Visibility
Object Diagram
Use Case Diagram
Sequence Diagram
Collaboration Diagram
Class Model for Database Design Mapping Tables to the Classes
Mapping Columns to the Attributes
Views
Keys
Constraints
Object Constraint Language (OCL)
Invariant
Pre- and Postconditions
OCL Types
Collection Operations
Unified Modeling Language
What Is a Model?
UML Model: Foundation Core
UML Metamodel: Model Management
UML Metamodel: Common Behaviors
UML Metamodel: Extension Mechanisms
Web Ontology Language (OWL)
Ontology Definitions
What Is the Semantic Web?
Use of Ontologies in Health Informatics
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
Web Ontology Language (OWL) Basic OWL Elements
Class Identifiers
Enumeration
Property Restrictions
Value Restrictions
Cardinality Constraints
Property Constraints
OWL Individuals
Properties
Data Types
OWL Language Elements
OWL Abstract Syntax
Class Axioms
Property Axioms
Restrictions
Purpose of Axioms
OWL Language and Its Formal Logic
Membership in OWL Classes
Characteristics of the Members of OWL Classes
OWL Properties with If and Only If (Iff) Characterizations
OWL Properties with If Characterizations
Reasoning in OWL
SPARQL Query Language Writing a Simple Query
Common Logic
Features of Common Logic Include
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Theoretical Foundations of Terminology
Types of Terminologies
Lists
Definitions
Systematic Definitions
Formal Definitions
Hierarchies Within Terminologies
Best Practices in Terminology Design and Evaluation
Terms and Definitions
General Principles
The Basics
Concept Orientation
Non-redundancy
Non-ambiguity
Non-vagueness
Internal Consistency
Purpose and Scope of a Terminology
Coverage
Comprehensiveness
Mapping Systematic Definitions
Formal Definitions
Explicitness of Relations
Reference Terminologies
Atomic Reference Terminologies
Colloquial Terminologies
Structure of the Terminology Model
Terminology Structures
Compositional Terminologies
Compositionality
Atomic Concept
Composite Concept
Pre-coordinated Concept
Post-coordinated Concept
Types of Atomic and Pre-coordinated Concepts
Kernel Concept
Modifiers and Qualifiers: Terms Which Refine the Meaning of a Kernel Concept
Normalization of Content
Normalization of Semantics
Multiple Hierarchies