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  • Article
    Berent I, Dupuis A, Brentari D.
    PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60617.
    All spoken languages encode syllables and constrain their internal structure. But whether these restrictions concern the design of the language system, broadly, or speech, specifically, remains unknown. To address this question, here, we gauge the structure of signed syllables in American Sign Language (ASL). Like spoken languages, signed syllables must exhibit a single sonority/energy peak (i.e., movement). Four experiments examine whether this restriction is enforced by signers and nonsigners. We first show that Deaf ASL signers selectively apply sonority restrictions to syllables (but not morphemes) in novel ASL signs. We next examine whether this principle might further shape the representation of signed syllables by nonsigners. Absent any experience with ASL, nonsigners used movement to define syllable-like units. Moreover, the restriction on syllable structure constrained the capacity of nonsigners to learn from experience. Given brief practice that implicitly paired syllables with sonority peaks (i.e., movement)--a natural phonological constraint attested in every human language--nonsigners rapidly learned to selectively rely on movement to define syllables and they also learned to partly ignore it in the identification of morpheme-like units. Remarkably, nonsigners failed to learn an unnatural rule that defines syllables by handshape, suggesting they were unable to ignore movement in identifying syllables. These findings indicate that signed and spoken syllables are subject to a shared phonological restriction that constrains phonological learning in a new modality. These conclusions suggest the design of the phonological system is partly amodal.
    Digital Access Access Options
  • Article
    Yang B, Han F, Li Y, Bai Y, Xie Z, Yang J, Liu T.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(21):60607-60617.
    We used magnesium slag (MS) as a calcium source for modifying coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) in the presence of NaOH to prepare a novel phosphate adsorbent (MS-CGCS). Ca2SiO4 in MS reacts with NaOH during the high-temperature synthesis process, with sodium displacing a part of the calcium content in Ca2SiO4 and entering the mineral lattice to form Na2CaSiO4. Hydroxide ions reacted with calcium in Ca2SiO4 to generate Ca(OH)2 and decomposed into CaO at a high temperature. The two newly formed species participated in the phosphate removal. The MS-CGCS adsorbent showed good phosphate removal performance over a wide pH range, with a maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 50.14 mg/g, which was significantly higher than that of other reported adsorbents. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models described the adsorption process well, indicating it being a monolayer and chemisorption process. The main mechanisms of phosphate removal are as follows: electrostatic interaction between the positively charged MS-CGCS and negatively charged phosphate ions; the inner-sphere complexation of oxides of metal, such as magnesium, aluminum, and calcium, with phosphate ions; and the precipitation of phosphate ions with calcium ions. Precipitation contributes to ~ 32% of the phosphate removal. This study provides a new method for the development of phosphate adsorbents while recycling CGCS and MS.
    Digital Access Access Options
  • Book
    Brenda A. Wilson, Malcolm E. Winkler, Brian T. Ho.
    Summary: "Completely revised and updated, and for the first time in stunning full-color, Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach, Fourth Edition, builds on the core principles and foundations of its predecessors while expanding into new concepts, key findings, and cutting-edge research, including new developments in the areas of the microbiome and CRISPR as well as the growing challenges of antimicrobial resistance. All-new detailed illustrations help students clearly understand important concepts and mechanisms of the complex interplay between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. Study questions at the end of each chapter challenge students to delve more deeply into the topics covered, and hone their skills in reading, interpreting, and analyzing data, as well as devising their own experiments. A detailed glossary defines and expands on key terms highlighted throughout the book. Written for advanced undergraduate, graduate, and professional students in microbiology, bacteriology, and pathogenesis, this text is a must-have for anyone looking for a greater understanding of virulence mechanisms across the breadth of bacterial pathogens."-- Provided by publisher.

    Contents:
    The power of bacteria
    Skin and mucosa: the first lines of defense against bacterial infections
    The innate immune system: always on guard
    The adaptive defenses: antibodies and cytotoxic T cells
    The microbiota of the human body: microbiomes and beyond
    Microbes and disease: establishing a connection
    Mechanisms of genetic modification and exchange: role in pathogen evolution
    Identification of virulence factors: measuring infectivity and virulence
    Identification of virulence factors: molecular approaches for bacterial factors
    Identification of virulence factors: molecular approaches for host factors
    Bacterial strategies for colonization and survival in the host
    Toxins and other toxic virulence factors
    Delivery of virulence factors
    Virulence regulation
    Antimicrobial compounds and their targets
    Antibiotic resistance
    Vaccination: a critical component of the modern medical armamentarium
    The gram-positive opportunistic pathogens
    The gram-negative opportunistic pathogens
    The changing roles of microbiologists in an age of bioterrorism and emerging diseases
    Print Access Request
    Location
    Version
    Call Number
    Items
    Books: General Collection (Downstairs)
    [2019]
    QR201.B34 S24 2019
    1