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  • Article
    Terry S, El-Sayed IY, Destouches D, Maillé P, Nicolaiew N, Ploussard G, Semprez F, Pimpie C, Beltran H, Londono-Vallejo A, Allory Y, de la Taille A, Salomon DS, Vacherot F.
    Oncotarget. 2015 May 20;6(14):11994-2008.
    Members of the EGF-CFC (Cripto, FRL-1, Cryptic) protein family are increasingly recognized as key mediators of cell movement and cell differentiation during vertebrate embryogenesis. The founding member of this protein family, CRIPTO, is overexpressed in various human carcinomas. Yet, the biological role of CRIPTO in this setting remains unclear. Here, we find CRIPTO expression as especially high in a subgroup of primary prostate carcinomas with poorer outcome, wherein resides cancer cell clones with mesenchymal traits. Experimental studies in PCa models showed that one notable function of CRIPTO expression in prostate carcinoma cells may be to augment PI3K/AKT and FGFR1 signaling, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and sustains a mesenchymal state. In the observed signaling events, FGFR1 appears to function parallel to AKT, and the two pathways act cooperatively to enhance migratory, invasive and transformation properties specifically in the CRIPTO overexpressing cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel molecular network, involving CRIPTO, AKT, and FGFR signaling, in favor of the emergence of mesenchymal-like cancer cells during the development of aggressive prostate tumors.
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  • Article
    Fernando D, Stewart JD.
    PeerJ. 2021;9:e11994.
    BACKGROUND: Expanding fisheries in developing nations like Sri Lanka have a significant impact on threatened marine species such as elasmobranchs. Manta and devil (mobulid) rays have some of the most conservative life history strategies of any elasmobranch, and even low to moderate levels of bycatch from gillnet fisheries may lead to significant population declines. A lack of information on life history, demographics, population trends, and fisheries impacts hinders effective management measures for these species.
    METHOD: We report on mobulid fishery landings over nine years between 2011 and 2020 across 38 landing sites in Sri Lanka. We collected data on catch numbers, body sizes, sex, and maturity status for five mobulid species. We used a Bayesian state-space model to estimate monthly country-wide catch rates and total annual landings of mobulid rays. We used catch curve analyses to estimate total mortality for Mobula mobular, and evaluated trends in recorded body sizes across the study period for M. mobular, M. birostris, M. tarapacana and M. thurstoni.
    RESULTS: We find that catch rates have declined an order of magnitude for all species across the study period, and that total annual captures of mobulid rays by the Sri Lankan artisanal fishing fleet exceed the estimated annual captures of mobulids in all global, industrial purse seine fisheries combined. Catch curve analyses suggest that M. mobular is being fished at rates far above the species' intrinsic population growth rate, and the average sizes of all mobulids in the fishery except for M. birostris are declining. Collectively, these findings suggest overfishing of mobulid ray populations in the northern Indian Ocean by Sri Lankan artisanal fisheries. We recommend strengthening the management of these species through improved implementation of CITES, CMS, and regional fisheries management actions. In addition, we report on the demographic characteristics of mobulids landed in Sri Lanka and provide the first record of M. eregoodoo in the country.
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  • Article
    Lee H, Kim D.
    Opt Express. 2016 May 30;24(11):11994-2006.
    We investigate the effect of surface curvature on characteristics of flexible surface plasmon resonance biosensors. For simplified analysis, segmentation-based approximation of curved substrates has been conducted in a range of curvature radius |r| > 225 μm in the parallel and perpendicular light incidence with respect to the surface. The results suggest that resonance characteristics in general broaden with increased curvature due to larger momentum dispersion, the effect of which appears more prominent and direct in the parallel light incidence. Resonance shifts as a result of biosensing, such as DNA immobilization and hybridization, overall decrease with curvature and perpendicular incidence is more robust with a curvature change. The approach was extended to multi-curvature structure and finds significant fluctuation of resonance shift for parallel light incidence. The study can be of profound importance for plasmonic devices using flexible substrates and in fiber-based in vivo applications.
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  • Article
    Ma T, Liang H, Chen G, Poon B, Jiang H, Yu H.
    Opt Express. 2013 May 20;21(10):11994-2001.
    We report a strain sensing approach that utilizes wrinkled patterns on poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as an optical grating to measure thermally-induced strain of different materials. The mechanism for the strain sensing and the effect of PDMS grating on strain sensing are discussed. By bonding the PDMS grating onto a copper or silicon substrate, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the substrates can be deduced by measuring the diffraction angle change due to the change in PDMS grating periodicity when thermal strain is introduced. The measured CTEs agree well with the known reference values.
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  • Article
    Wang D, Tong G, Dong R, Zhou Y, Shen J, Zhu X.
    Chem Commun (Camb). 2014 Oct 18;50(81):11994-2017.
    Noncovalent interactions provide a flexible method of engineering various chemical entities with tailored properties. Specific noncovalent interactions between functionalized small molecules, macromolecules or both of them bearing complementary binding sites can be used to engineer supramolecular complexes that display unique structure and properties of polymers, which can be defined as supramolecularly engineered polymers. Due to their dynamic tunable structures and interesting physical/chemical properties, supramolecularly engineered polymers have recently received more and more attention from both academia and industry. In this feature article, we summarize the recent progress in the self-assembly of supramolecularly engineered polymers as well as their biomedical applications. In view of different molecular building units, the supramolecularly engineered polymers can be classified into the following three major types: supramolecularly engineered polymers built by small molecules, supramolecularly engineered polymers built by small molecules and macromolecules, and supramolecularly engineered polymers built by macromolecules, which possess distinct morphologies, definite architectures and specific functions. Owing to the reversible nature of the noncovalent interactions, the supramolecularly engineered polymers have exhibited unique features or advantages in molecular self-assembly, for example, facile preparation and functionalization, controllable morphologies and structures, dynamic self-assembly processes, adjustable performance, and so on. Furthermore, the self-assembled supramolecular structures hold great potential as promising candidates in various biomedical fields, including bioimaging, drug delivery, gene transfection, protein delivery, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Such developments in the self-assembly of supramolecularly engineered polymers and their biomedical applications greatly promote the interdiscipline research among supramolecular chemistry, polymer materials, biomedicine, nano-science and technology.
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  • Article
    Wang X, Zhao D.
    Opt Express. 2012 May 21;20(11):11994-2003.
    A double-image encryption technique that based on an asymmetric algorithm is proposed. In this method, the encryption process is different from the decryption and the encrypting keys are also different from the decrypting keys. In the nonlinear encryption process, the images are encoded into an amplitude cyphertext, and two phase-only masks (POMs) generated based on phase truncation are kept as keys for decryption. By using the classical double random phase encoding (DRPE) system, the primary images can be collected by an intensity detector that located at the output plane. Three random POMs that applied in the asymmetric encryption can be safely applied as public keys. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed protocol.
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  • Article
    McDonald KA, Feldblyum JI, Koh K, Wong-Foy AG, Matzger AJ.
    Chem Commun (Camb). 2015 Aug 04;51(60):11994-6.
    The application of a core-shell architecture allows the formation of a polymer-coated metal-organic framework (MOF) maintaining high surface area (2289-2857 m(2) g(-1)). The growth of a MOF shell from a MOF core was used to spatially localize initiators by post-synthetic modification. The confinement of initiators ensures that polymerization is restricted to the outer shell of the MOF.
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  • Article
    Abdul-Hafidh EH.
    Heliyon. 2022 Dec;8(12):e11994.
    A simple and general new approach to solve the Brachistochrone problem is presented in this paper. The Brachistochrone problem is concerned with finding the shortest time trajectory of a particlesliding on a frictionless path under gravity. The problem is solved in this project using a solid-state physics mechanism of building a lattice by a unit cell of a suitable lattice parameter and a transformation operator. This problem was solved analytically centuries ago by many scientists. To the author's knowledge, the approach considered here was not used before. The method clearly shows that the Brachistchrone is just a two-dimensional lattice with a parameter and a transformation angle that depend on the size of the trajectory. It has been found that the shortest time track is a cycloid, which is a curve that lies between a straight line and a circle. Thefindings of this work were compared to the exact results found previously and were found to be within an infinitesimally negligible margin of error.
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  • Article
    Yuan Z, Li X, Hao Z, Tang Z, Yao X, Wu T.
    Sci Rep. 2024 05 25;14(1):11994.
    This study aimed to address the issue of larger prediction errors existing in intelligent predictive tasks related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). A cohort of 487 enrolled participants was categorized into three groups: normal control (138 individuals), mild cognitive impairment (238 patients), and AD (111 patients) in this study. An improved multifeature squeeze-and-excitation-dilated residual network (MFSE-DRN) was proposed for two important AD predictions: clinical scores and conversion probability. The model was characterized as three modules: squeeze-and-excitation-dilated residual block (SE-DRB), multifusion pooling (MF-Pool), and multimodal feature fusion. To assess its performance, the proposed model was compared with two other novel models: ranking convolutional neural network (RCNN) and 3D vision geometrical group network (3D-VGGNet). Our method showed the best performance in the two AD predicted tasks. For the clinical scores prediction, the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) and mean absolute errors (MAEs) of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and AD assessment scale-cognitive 11-item (ADAS-11) were 1.97, 1.46 and 4.20, 3.19 within 6 months; 2.48, 1.69 and 4.81, 3.44 within 12 months; 2.67, 1.86 and 5.81, 3.83 within 24 months; 3.02, 2.03 and 5.09, 3.43 within 36 months, respectively. At the AD conversion probability prediction, the prediction accuracies within 12, 24, and 36 months reached to 88.0, 85.5, and 88.4%, respectively. The AD predication would play a great role in clinical applications.
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  • Article
    Li Y, Yu W, Xiong H, Yuan F.
    Sci Rep. 2022 07 14;12(1):11994.
    Our previous research demonstrated that NOD-like receptor family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome was overexpressed in renal tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study further investigated the effect of circRNAs-miRNAs interaction on NLRC4 and their potential mechanisms. DN mice models were first established using STZ. Then, pyroptosis related marker expression was detected using qPCR, western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry analysis. After that, differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were investigated using next-generation sequencing. Additionally, the function and potential mechanism of circ_0000181 and miR-667-5p on pyroptosis were measured in vitro DN cell model using MTS, WB, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There was an apparent elevation of NLRC4, Caspase1, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels in DN mice. The next-generation sequencing results revealed that there were 947 circRNAs and 390 miRNAs significantly different between the DN and sham kidney tissue, of which circ_0000181 and miR-667-5p had potential targeting effects with NLRC4. Dual-luciferase and functional rescue experiments demonstrated that circ_0000181 promoted NLRC4 inflammasome activation via competitive sponge of miR-667-5p, promoted the release of IL-1β and IL-18, and caused pyroptosis. Altogether, circ_0000181 regulates miR-667-5p/NLRC4 axis to promote pyroptosis progression in DN.
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  • Article
    Wang A, Zou D, Zeng X, Chen B, Zheng X, Li L, Zhang L, Xiao Z, Wang H.
    Sci Rep. 2021 06 07;11(1):11994.
    This study was conducted to investigate the speciation, bioavailability and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in chicken manure (CM) and water-washed swine manure (WSM) and their biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (200 to 800 °C). As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the remaining proportion, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), HCl and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) of HMs gradually declined. This result proved that the speciation of HMs in chicken manure biochars (CMB) and water-washed swine manure biochars (WSMB) was influenced by pyrolysis temperature. The proportions of stable fractions were enhanced with increased pyrolysis temperature and weakened the HM validity for vegetation at 800 °C. Finally, the results of the risk assessment showed that the environmental risk of HMs in CMB and WSMB decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, pyrolysis at 800 °C can provide a practical approach to lessen the initial and underlying heavy metal toxicity of CMB and WSMB to the environment.
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  • Article
    Grusdt F, Yao NY, Abanin D, Fleischhauer M, Demler E.
    Nat Commun. 2016 06 17;7:11994.
    Topological quantum phases cannot be characterized by Ginzburg-Landau type order parameters, and are instead described by non-local topological invariants. Experimental platforms capable of realizing such exotic states now include synthetic many-body systems such as ultracold atoms or photons. Unique tools available in these systems enable a new characterization of strongly correlated many-body states. Here we propose a general scheme for detecting topological order using interferometric measurements of elementary excitations. The key ingredient is the use of mobile impurities that bind to quasiparticles of a host many-body system. Specifically, we show how fractional charges can be probed in the bulk of fractional quantum Hall systems. We demonstrate that combining Ramsey interference with Bloch oscillations can be used to measure Chern numbers characterizing the dispersion of individual quasiparticles, which gives a direct probe of their fractional charges. Possible extensions of our method to other many-body systems, such as spin liquids, are conceivable.
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  • Article
    Carney M, King TS, Yumen A, Harnish-Cruz C, Scales R, Olympia RP.
    Cureus. 2020 Dec 09;12(12):e11994.
    BACKGROUND: Medical errors and adverse events may affect up to 7.5% of hospitalizations, although observational studies suggest the numbers could be even higher. Previous studies have shown that medical television (TV) shows may be a major driver when it comes to a patient's medical knowledge and perspectives.
    METHODS: Six episodes from the first season of eight medical TV series were analyzed by four reviewers. Demographics of the healthcare provider responsible for the error, demographics of the victim, type of error, setting of error, level of disability, and reporting of the error were recorded. Data was compared with event rates from US hospitals.
    RESULTS: A total of 242 medical errors (average 6.4/hr) were included in the analysis. The healthcare provider responsible for the error was often an attending physician (55.8%), while victims were often White (73.6%), males (55.0%), aged 16-44 years (50.8%). Errors in diagnosis (28.9%) and operative errors (19.4%) were most common. Compared with data from US hospitals, TV series depicted more errors in diagnosis (p<0.001) and fewer operative errors (p<0.001). The most common levels of disability following medical errors were emotional trauma (37.6%) and temporary injury (30.2%). Emotional trauma was significantly overrepresented and temporary injuries were underrepresented (p<0.001). Error was not reported to the victim in 49.2% of events.
    CONCLUSION: There were multiple discrepancies between errors depicted on TV and US hospital data. This may lead to viewer fear and anxiety that results in delays in seeking medical care and increased medicolegal cases. Healthcare systems should attempt to reduce the incidence of medical errors and adverse events by ensuring competencies of their providers, instituting methods of risk analysis and prevention, and training providers on methods of proper error disclosure.
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  • Article
    Zmeykina E, Mittner M, Paulus W, Turi Z.
    Sci Rep. 2020 07 20;10(1):11994.
    Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potent tool for modulating endogenous oscillations in humans. The current standard method for rTMS defines the stimulation intensity based on the evoked liminal response in the visual or motor system (e.g., resting motor threshold). The key limitation of the current approach is that the magnitude of the resulting electric field remains elusive. A better characterization of the electric field strength induced by a given rTMS protocol is necessary in order to improve the understanding of the neural mechanisms of rTMS. In this study we used a novel approach, in which individualized prospective computational modeling of the induced electric field guided the choice of stimulation intensity. We consistently found that rhythmic rTMS protocols increased neural synchronization in the posterior alpha frequency band when measured simultaneously with scalp electroencephalography. We observed this effect already at electric field strengths of roughly half the lowest conventional field strength, which is 80% of the resting motor threshold. We conclude that rTMS can induce immediate electrophysiological effects at much weaker electric field strengths than previously thought.
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  • Article
    Pang P, Ashcroft BA, Song W, Zhang P, Biswas S, Qing Q, Yang J, Nemanich RJ, Bai J, Smith JT, Reuter K, Balagurusamy VS, Astier Y, Stolovitzky G, Lindsay S.
    ACS Nano. 2014 Dec 23;8(12):11994-2003.
    Previous measurements of the electronic conductance of DNA nucleotides or amino acids have used tunnel junctions in which the gap is mechanically adjusted, such as scanning tunneling microscopes or mechanically controllable break junctions. Fixed-junction devices have, at best, detected the passage of whole DNA molecules without yielding chemical information. Here, we report on a layered tunnel junction in which the tunnel gap is defined by a dielectric layer, deposited by atomic layer deposition. Reactive ion etching is used to drill a hole through the layers so that the tunnel junction can be exposed to molecules in solution. When the metal electrodes are functionalized with recognition molecules that capture DNA nucleotides via hydrogen bonds, the identities of the individual nucleotides are revealed by characteristic features of the fluctuating tunnel current associated with single-molecule binding events.
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  • Article
    Mao J, Tan L, Tian C, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Li Y.
    Aging (Albany NY). 2023 11 01;15(21):11994-12020.
    Acute liver injury (ALI) leads to abnormal liver function and damage to liver cells. Syringin (syr) and costunolide (cos) are the major extracts from Dolomiaea souliei (Franch.) C.Shih (D. souliei), showing diverse biological functions in various biological processes. We explored the underlying hepatoprotective effects of syr+cos against LPS-induced ALI. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using an MTT assay and immunofluorescence staining. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. ELISA was utilized to measure liver function and antioxidant stress indexes. qRT-PCR and western blotting was performed to determine mRNA and protein levels respectively. Using shRNA approach to Rac1 analyzed transcriptional targets. The results showed that syr+cos promoted L-02 cell proliferation, inhibiting the cell apoptosis and blocking cell cycle in G1 and G2/M phase. Syr+cos decreased the production of ALT, AST, LDH, MDA and ROS while increased SOD and CAT activities. Pretreated with syr+cos may decrease expressions of caspase-3,7,9, NF-κB, TNF-α proteins, Cyclin B, CDK1 and p-IκB proteins while p-IκB increased. Silencing of Rac-1 may protect the liver by increasing AKT, S473, T308 and reducing p-AKT proteins. Syr+cos exhibits anti-ALI activity via Rac1/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway which might act as an effective candidate drug for the treatment of ALI.
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  • Article
    Chen H, Lan H, Huang P, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Huang X, Huang J, Zhang H.
    Genet Mol Res. 2015 Oct 05;14(4):11994-2005.
    The plant-specific AWPM-19-domain proteins play important roles in plant development and stress responses. In the current study, OsPM19L1 encoding Oryza sativa AWPM-19-like protein 1 was isolated from rice. Tissue-specific gene expression analysis revealed that OsPM19L1 was highly expressed in the leaf sheath of rice. Interestingly, expression of OsPM19L1 was high at the early stage of panicle development and decreased thereafter. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that OsPM19L1 was dramatically induced by 20% PEG stress (>600-fold), exogenous abscisic acid (>350-fold), salt and cold stress. Subcellular localization assay suggested that the OsPM19L1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein was localized in the membrane system in rice cells. Moreover, under stress conditions, OsPM19L1 expression was enhanced in an ABI5-Like1 (ABL1) deficiency rice mutant, abl1, suggesting that ABL1 negatively regulates OsPM19L1 gene expression. Thus, OsPM19L1 appears to be closely associated with stress tolerance through ABA-dependent pathway in rice.
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  • Article
    Arzberger S, Hösel M, Protzer U.
    J Virol. 2010 Nov;84(22):11994-2001.
    Apoptosis of infected cells is critically involved in antiviral defense. Apoptosis, however, may also support the release and spread of viruses. Although the elimination of infected hepatocytes is required to combat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, it is still unknown which consequences hepatocyte apoptosis has for the virus and whether or not it is advantageous to the virus. To study this, we designed a cell culture model consisting of both HBV-producing cell lines and primary human hepatocytes serving as an infection model. We showed that the release of mature, enveloped virions was 80% to 90% reduced 24 h after the induction of apoptosis in HBV-replicating hepatoma cells or HBV-infected hepatocytes. Importantly, HBV particles released from apoptotic hepatocytes were immature and nonenveloped and proved not to be infectious. We found an inverse correlation between the strength of an apoptotic stimulus and the infectivity of the virus particles released: the more potent the apoptotic stimulus, the higher the ratio of nonenveloped capsids to virions and the lower their infectivity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HBV replication and, particularly, the expression of the HBx protein transcribed from the viral genome during replication do not sensitize cells to apoptosis. Our data clearly reject the hypothesis that the apoptosis of infected hepatocytes facilitates the propagation of HBV. Rather, these data indicate that HBV needs to prevent the apoptosis of its host hepatocyte to ensure the release of infectious progeny and, thus, virus spread in the liver.
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  • Article
    Minamikawa MF, Takada N, Terakami S, Saito T, Onogi A, Kajiya-Kanegae H, Hayashi T, Yamamoto T, Iwata H.
    Sci Rep. 2018 08 10;8(1):11994.
    Breeding of fruit trees is hindered by their large size and long juvenile period. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) are promising methods for circumventing this hindrance, but preparing new large datasets for these methods may not always be practical. Here, we evaluated the potential of breeding populations evaluated routinely in breeding programs for GWAS and GS. We used a pear parental population of 86 varieties and breeding populations of 765 trees from 16 full-sib families, which were phenotyped for 18 traits and genotyped for 1,506 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The power of GWAS and accuracy of genomic prediction were improved when we combined data from the breeding populations and the parental population. The accuracy of genomic prediction was improved further when full-sib data of the target family were available. The results suggest that phenotype data collected in breeding programs can be beneficial for GWAS and GS when they are combined with genome-wide marker data. The potential of GWAS and GS will be further extended if we can build a system for routine collection of the phenotype and marker genotype data for breeding populations.
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  • Article
    Kim K, Lee JM, Yu YS, Kim H, Nam HJ, Moon HG, Noh DY, Kim KI, Fang S, Baek SH.
    Sci Rep. 2017 09 20;7(1):11994.
    Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) regulates diverse physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism, circadian rhythm, and cancer biology. RORα has four different isoforms which have distinct N-terminal domains but share identical DNA binding domain and ligand binding domain in human. However, lack of specific antibody against each RORα isoform makes biochemical studies on each RORα isoform remain unclear. Here, we generate RORα2-specific antibody and characterize the role of RORα2 in promoting tumor progression in breast cancer. RORα2 requires lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) as a coactivator for transcriptional activation of RORα2 target genes, exemplified by CTNND1. Intriguingly, RORα2 and LSD1 protein levels are dramatically elevated in human breast cancer specimens compared to normal counterparts. Taken together, our studies indicate that LSD1-mediated RORα2 transcriptional activity is important to promote tumor cell migration in human breast cancer as well as breast cancer cell lines. Therefore, our data establish that suppression of LSD1-mediated RORα2 transcriptional activity may be potent therapeutic strategy to attenuate tumor cell migration in human breast cancer.
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