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- ArticleMing X, Carver K, Wu L.Biomaterials. 2013 Oct;34(32):7939-49.Nanoparticle-based delivery has become an important strategy to advance siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides into clinical reality. However, limited biodistribution of nanoparticles and the toxicity of some nanocarriers restrict the wider application of this strategy. To address these issues we aimed to construct oligonucleotide delivery systems which are non-cytotoxic and smaller than typical nanoparticles. Thus, a morpholino oligonucleotide was conjugated to a tumor-targeting RGD peptide, and then, multiple RGD-oligo conjugates were linked to a single molecule of human serum albumin via a reductively responsive linkage. The resultant nanoconjugates showed uniform and monodispersed size distribution with a diameter of 13 nm. A single nanoconjugate molecule contains 15 oligonucleotides as well as 15 targeting ligands on the surface of albumin. The nanoparticle demonstrated 61-fold enhancement in receptor-specific cellular delivery of oligonucleotides in integrin-expressing tumor cells compared to the non-targeted control nanoconjugates and were able to robustly enhance functional activity of the oligonucleotide at low nanomolar concentrations without causing cytotoxicity. Due to their small size, the targeted nanoconjugates could penetrate deeply and distribute throughout 3-D tumor spheroids, whereas the conventional nanoparticles with sizes over 300 nm could only deliver to the cells on the surface of the tumor spheroids. As a result of their greater cellular delivery, smaller size, and lack of cytotoxicity compared to conventional nanoparticles, the multivalent nanoconjugates may provide an effective tool for targeting oligonucleotides to tumors and other diseased tissues.
- ArticleHerbert Pucheta JE, Pitoux D, Grison CM, Robin S, Merlet D, Aitken DJ, Giraud N, Farjon J.Chem Commun (Camb). 2015 May 07;51(37):7939-42.Probing scalar couplings are essential for structural elucidation in molecular (bio)chemistry. While the measurement of JHH couplings is facilitated by SERF experiments, overcrowded signals represent a significant limitation. Here, a new band selective pure shift SERF allows access to δ(1)H and JHH with an ultrahigh spectral resolution.
- ArticleMahaki M, Bruijn SM, van Dieën JH.PeerJ. 2019;7:e7939.It is still unclear how humans control mediolateral (ML) stability in walking and even more so for running. Here, foot placement strategy as a main mechanism to control ML stability was compared between walking and running. Moreover, to verify the role of foot placement as a means to control ML stability in both modes of locomotion, this study investigated the effect of external lateral stabilization on foot placement control. Ten young adults participated in this study. Kinematic data of the trunk (T6) and feet were recorded during walking and running on a treadmill in normal and stabilized conditions. Correlation between ML trunk CoM state and subsequent ML foot placement, step width, and step width variability were assessed. Paired t-tests (either SPM1d or normal) were used to compare aforementioned parameters between normal walking and running. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (either SPM1d or normal) were used to test for effects of walking vs. running and of normal vs. stabilized condition. We found a stronger correlation between ML trunk CoM state and ML foot placement and significantly higher step width variability in walking than in running. The correlation between ML trunk CoM state and ML foot placement, step width, and step width variability were significantly decreased by external lateral stabilization in walking and running, and this reduction was stronger in walking than in running. We conclude that ML foot placement is coordinated to ML trunk CoM state to stabilize both walking and running and this coordination is stronger in walking than in running.
- ArticleShambour MK, Abu-Hashem MA.Soft comput. 2023;27(12):7939-7955.The primary objective of airport management worldwide is always to make it easier to provide transportation services and minimize latency. This could be accomplished by controlling the movement of travelers through the airport's different checkpoints for passports, baggage handling, customs, and both departure and arrival lobbies. As one of the biggest passenger terminals around the world and among the most attractive destinations for visitors during the Hajj pilgrimage, this paper concentrates on enhancing the movement of travelers in the King Abdulaziz International Airport's pilgrimage station in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Several optimization methods are used to better schedule the phases within the airport terminals as well as the assignment of arriving flights to vacant airport portals. These include the differential evolution algorithm (DEA), harmony search algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), flower pollination algorithm (FPA), and black widow optimization algorithm. The findings demonstrated the potential sites for the development of airport stages, which may assist decision-makers in improving operational efficiency in the future. The simulation results showed that GA was more efficient in most of the experiments than the alternative algorithms for small population sizes in terms of the quality of the solutions obtained and the convergence rates. In contrast, DEA performed better in the larger population sizes. The outcomes also showed that FPA performed better than its rivals in identifying the optimal solution in terms of the overall duration of passenger waiting time.
- ArticleHuang YH, Chen JH, Ling LJ, Su ZB, Sun X, Hu SR, Weng W, Huang Y, Wu WB, He YS.Analyst. 2015 Dec 07;140(23):7939-47.In the present study, carbon nanocages (CNCs) decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with diameters of 2-5 nm were synthesized by simply mixing their solutions. The sizes of the AuNPs are small enough to diffuse into the inside of the CNCs by electrostatic incorporation and their morphologies were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometry, Raman spectrometry and ultraviolet visible absorption spectra. The AuNPs@CNCs modified electrode was prepared for simultaneous highly sensitive determination of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ). This modified electrode demonstrated fantastic eletrochemical catalytic activities towards CC and HQ by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The calibration curves showed a linear response between the peak currents and the concentrations of CC and HQ. A wide dynamic detection range of 1.0-250.0 μM and 0.1-200.0 μM with a low detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.0986 μM and 0.0254 μM can be obtained for CC and HQ respectively. The present method was successfully employed for determination of CC and HQ in a practical sample.
- ArticleZhang Y, Shen TT, Kirillov AM, Liu WS, Tang Y.Chem Commun (Camb). 2016 Jun 28;52(51):7939-42.In this work, smart near-infrared (NIR) light/H2O2-triggered and O2-evolving nanocomposites were designed and applied for efficient production of (1)O2 by converting a deeply penetrating NIR light into a visible light to excite the photosensitizers and achieve a self-sufficiency of the O2 generation in the photodynamic therapy process to overcome the hypoxia-induced drug resistance.
- ArticleKim YH, Kim KH, Szulejko JE, Parker D.Sensors (Basel). 2013 Jun 20;13(6):7939-78.The classes and concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released from fresh and decaying strawberries were investigated and compared. In this study, a total of 147 strawberry volatiles were quantified before and after nine days of storage to explore differences in the aroma profile between fresh strawberries (storage days (SRD) of 0, 1, and 3) and those that had started to decay (SRD = 6 and 9). In terms of concentration, seven compounds dominated the aroma profile of fresh strawberries (relative composition (RC) up to 97.4% by mass, sum concentration): (1) ethyl acetate = 518 mg∙m⁻³, (2) methyl acetate = 239 mg∙m⁻³, (3) ethyl butyrate = 13.5 mg∙m⁻³, (4) methyl butyrate = 11.1 mg∙m⁻³, (5) acetaldehyde = 24.9 mg∙m⁻³, (6) acetic acid = 15.2 mg∙m⁻³, and (7) acetone = 13.9 mg∙m⁻³. In contrast, two alcohols dominated the aroma profile of decayed samples (RC up to 98.6%): (1) ethyl alcohol = 94.2 mg∙m⁻³ and (2) isobutyl alcohol = 289 mg∙m⁻³. Alternatively; if the aroma profiles are re-evaluated by summing odor activity values (ΣOAV); four ester compounds ((1) ethyl butyrate (6,160); (2) ethyl hexanoate (3,608); (3) ethyl isovalerate (1,592); and (4) ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (942)) were identified as the key constituents of fresh strawberry aroma (SRD-0). As the strawberries began to decay; isobutyl alcohol recorded the maximum OAV of 114 (relative proportion (RP) (SRD = 6) = 58.3%). However, as the decay process continued, the total OAV dropped further by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude--decreasing to 196 on SRD = 6 to 7.37 on SRD = 9. The overall results of this study confirm dramatic changes in the aroma profile of strawberries over time, especially with the onset of decay.
- ArticleManas A, Bajuri MY, Muhammad Nawawi RF.Cureus. 2020 May 03;12(5):e7939.Tuberculosis is an infection that can occur in every organ of the body, but it rarely affects the wrist joint. We report a rare case of a male patient with wrist tuberculosis with a subtle presentation. Our patient's left wrist had been swollen for four months and progressively worsened, becoming ulcerated one week prior to presentation to our center. He was asymptomatic, but a previous radiograph showed global destruction of the wrist joint. Clinical investigations, that is, polymerase chain reaction test for tuberculosis and histopathological examination, showed classic findings of tuberculosis, which lead to the initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment.
- ArticleElseman AM.Sci Rep. 2023 May 16;13(1):7939.A novel HTM based on silver thiocyanate (AgSCN) was designed to be useable in p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). With mass yield, the AgSCN was synthesized in the lab and elucidated by XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, UPS, and TGA. The production of thin, highly conformal AgSCN films that allow for quick carrier extraction and the collection was made possible by a fast solvent removal approach. Photoluminescence experiments have shown that adding AgSCN has improved the ability to transfer charges between HTL and perovskite layer compared to PEDOT:PSS at the interface. Crystallographic discrepancies in the polycrystalline perovskite film are discovered upon further examination of the film's microstructure and morphology, pointing to the development of templated perovskite on the surface of AgSCN. In comparison to devices due to the well-known PEDOT:PSS, the open circuit voltage (VOC) is increased by AgSCN with its high work function by 0.1-1.14 V (1.04 V for PEDOT:PSS). With a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.66%, a high-performance PSCs are effectively generated using CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite compared to 15.11% for controlled PEDOT:PSS devices. The solution-processed inorganic HTL was demonstrated employing straightforward in order to build durable and effective flexible p-i-n PSCs modules or their use as a front cell in hybrid tandem solar cells.
- ArticleYue X, Xie Z, Li M, Wang K, Li X, Zhang X, Yan J, Yin Y.Nat Commun. 2022 12 24;13(1):7939.The interplay between histone modifications and DNA methylation drives the establishment and maintenance of the cellular epigenomic landscape, but it remains challenging to investigate the complex relationship between these epigenetic marks across the genome. Here we describe a nanopore-sequencing-based-method, nanoHiMe-seq, for interrogating the genome-wide localization of histone modifications and DNA methylation from single DNA molecules. nanoHiMe-seq leverages a nonspecific methyltransferase to exogenously label adenine bases proximal to antibody-targeted modified nucleosomes in situ. The labelled adenines and the endogenous methylated CpG sites are simultaneously detected on individual nanopore reads using a hidden Markov model, which is implemented in the nanoHiMe software package. We demonstrate the utility, robustness and sensitivity of nanoHiMe-seq by jointly profiling DNA methylation and histone modifications at low coverage depths, concurrently determining phased patterns of DNA methylation and histone modifications, and probing the intrinsic connectivity between these epigenetic marks across the genome.
- ArticleCotta SR, Pellegrinetti TA, Andreote APD, Costa JS, Sarmento H, Fiore MF.Sci Rep. 2022 05 13;12(1):7939.Microbial lifestyles may reveal niche-specific signatures and can contribute to detecting the effects of abiotic fluctuations on biogeochemical cycles. Microorganisms make a tradeoff between optimizing nutrient uptake, improving biomass yield, and overcoming environmental changes according to environmental hostility. Soda lakes are natural environments rich in carbonate and bicarbonate water, resulting in elevated pH and salinities that frequently approach saturation. We hypothesized that during the dry period (elevated pH and salinity), microorganisms try to overcome this harshness by allocating energy to the cellular maintenance process. As these environmental conditions improve during the wet period, microorganisms will begin to invest in nutrient uptake. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated four soda lakes in two different seasons by applying metagenomics combined with flow cytometry (estimate heterotrophic bacterial biomass). The natural occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in some lakes is the main driver of carbon. These primary producers provide organic carbon that supports heterotrophic bacterial growth and, consequently, a high biomass yield. Under harsh conditions (dry season), cyanobacteria invest in nutrient uptake mechanisms, whereas heterotrophic bacteria allocate energy to survive at the expense of biomass yield. Lakes without cyanobacteria blooms invest in nutrient uptake independent of environmental hostility. This study clarifies the microbial tradeoffs in hostile environments and the impact of this choice on carbon and energy flux in tropical alkaline lakes.
- ArticleMagar BT, Acharya S, Gyawali B, Timilsena K, Upadhayaya J, Shrestha J.Heliyon. 2021 Sep;7(9):e07939.The present study was carried out to study the variation, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance, correlation among traits for growth, yield, and its attributing traits in maize genotypes. Ten maize genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications from June 2019 to September 2019. The results indicated that the genotypes were significantly different for all traits. For all traits, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The grain yield showed the highest PCV (26.91%) and GCV (25.9%) whereas leaf width at maturity showed the lowest PCV (4.07%) and GCV (6.05%). Genetic Advance over Mean (GAM) for the traits ranged from the lowest value (0.1%) for days to 50% anthesis to the highest value (51.36%) for grain yield. Higher values of heritability and GAM % were obtained for grain yield (0.93, 51.36%) and 1000 grain weight (0.99, 36.95%) whereas the lowest values of heritability and GAM% were found for leaf length (0.5, 7.25%) and leaf width (0.39, 5.25%). Grain yield showed positive and significant phenotypic correlation with test weight (r = 0.706), cob length (r = 0.671), cob diameter (r = 0.573) and number of rows per cob (r = 0.539), respectively. Therefore, traits having high variation can be used as selection indices for indirect selection for the improvement of maize productivity.
- ArticleLam SE, Mat Nawi SN, Abdul Sani SF, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA.Sci Rep. 2021 04 12;11(1):7939.Preliminary study has been made of black human hair, carbon concentration of some 53%, a model in examining the potential of hair of the human head in retrospective and emergency biodosimetry applications, also offering effective atomic number near to that of water. The hair samples were exposed to [Formula: see text]Co gamma rays, delivering doses from 0 to 200 Gy. Structural alterations were observed, use being made of Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Most prominent among the features observed in the first-order Raman spectra are the D and G peaks, appearing at 1370 [Formula: see text] and 1589 [Formula: see text] respectively, the intensity ratio [Formula: see text] indicating dose-dependent defects generation and annealing of structural alterations. The wavelengths of the PL absorption and emission peaks are found to be centred at [Formula: see text] nm and [Formula: see text] nm, respectively. The hair samples mean band gap energy ([Formula: see text]) post-irradiation was found to be [Formula: see text] eV, of the order of a semiconductor and approximately two times the [Formula: see text] of other carbon-rich materials reported via the same methodology.
- ArticleFlude S, Johnson G, Gilfillan SM, Haszeldine RS.Environ Sci Technol. 2016 08 02;50(15):7939-55.Inherent tracers-the "natural" isotopic and trace gas composition of captured CO2 streams-are potentially powerful tracers for use in CCS technology. This review outlines for the first time the expected carbon isotope and noble gas compositions of captured CO2 streams from a range of feedstocks, CO2-generating processes, and carbon capture techniques. The C-isotope composition of captured CO2 will be most strongly controlled by the feedstock, but significant isotope fractionation is possible during capture; noble gas concentrations will be controlled by the capture technique employed. Comparison with likely baseline data suggests that CO2 generated from fossil fuel feedstocks will often have δ(13)C distinguishable from storage reservoir CO2. Noble gases in amine-captured CO2 streams are likely to be low concentration, with isotopic ratios dependent on the feedstock, but CO2 captured from oxyfuel plants may be strongly enriched in Kr and Xe which are potentially valuable subsurface tracers. CO2 streams derived from fossil fuels will have noble gas isotope ratios reflecting a radiogenic component that will be difficult to distinguish in the storage reservoir, but inheritance of radiogenic components will provide an easily recognizable signature in the case of any unplanned migration into shallow aquifers or to the surface.
- ArticleKnecht V, Klasczyk B, Dimova R.Langmuir. 2013 Jun 25;29(25):7939-48.Electrophoresis is an experimental method widely used to study electrostatic properties of interfaces. Here, we question the validity of the macroscopic theory for the planar geometry by Helmholtz and Smoluchowski by considering a POPC bilayer in an aqueous solution with 500 mM NaCl, using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that POPC shows positive electrophoretic mobility due to adsorption of sodium ions at the lipid headgroups. The theory assumes that the region in which the water density undergoes a transition from the bulk value to zero (interfacial width) is small compared to the Debye screening length. This separation of length scale is not fullfilled in the present case. Hence, contrasting the theory, we observe that the surface is not sharply defined, continuum hydrodynamics is not applicable, the effective viscosity in the double layer is increased compared to the bulk, and the zeta potential is dominated by the dipole potential. Our results might have widespread implications for interpretation of electrokinetic studies in general.
- ArticleFinke AD, Moore JS.Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Nov 14;46(42):7939-41.The substantial kinetic barrier to molybdenum nitride-alkyne metathesis is facilitated by precomplexation of the borane Lewis acid B(C(6)F(5))(3), providing convenient access to metathesis-active molybdenum alkylidynes. Spectroscopic and X-ray structural analysis suggest Mo≡N bond weakening upon borane complexation.
- ArticleKabagambe B, Garada MB, Ishimatsu R, Amemiya S.Anal Chem. 2014 Aug 05;86(15):7939-46.Ultrasensitive ion-selective electrode measurements based on stripping voltammetry are an emerging sensor technology with low- and subnanomolar detection limits. Here, we report on stripping voltammetry of down to 0.1 nM Ca(2+) by using a thin-polymer-coated electrode and demonstrate the advantageous effects of the divalent charge on sensitivity. A simple theory predicts that the maximum concentration of an analyte ion preconcentrated in the thin membrane depends exponentially on the charge and that the current response based on exhaustive ion stripping from the thin membrane is proportional to the square of the charge. The theoretical predictions are quantitatively confirmed by using a thin ionophore-doped polymer membrane spin-coated on a conducting-polymer-modified electrode. The potentiostatic transfer of hydrophilic Ca(2+) from an aqueous sample into the hydrophobic double-polymer membrane is facilitated by an ionophore with high Ca(2+) affinity and selectivity. The resultant concentration of the Ca(2+)-ionophore complex in the ~1 μm-thick membrane can be at least 5 × 10(6) times higher than the aqueous Ca(2+) concentration. The stripping voltammetric current response to the divalent ion is enhanced to achieve a subnanomolar detection limit under the condition where a low-nanomolar detection limit is expected for a monovalent ion. Significantly, charge-dependent sensitivity is attractive for the ultrasensitive detection of multivalent ions with environmental and biomedical importance such as heavy metal ions and polyionic drugs. Importantly, this stripping voltammetric approach enables the absolute determination of subnanomolar Ca(2+) contamination in ultrapure water containing 10 mM supporting electrolytes, i.e., an 8 orders of magnitude higher background concentration.
- ArticleSabath N, Itescu Y, Feldman A, Meiri S, Mayrose I, Valenzuela N.Ecol Evol. 2016 11;6(21):7939.[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2277.].
- ArticleMa C, Jiang W, Li J, Sun W, Zhang J, Xu P, Guo Y, Ning N, Li J, Zhao B, Mao E, Gao C.J Inflamm Res. 2024;17:7939-7950.Introduction: In critically ill patients, the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) was significantly associated with mortality. However, the relationship between SHR and mortality in septic patients is still unclear.In this study, patients with sepsis from two Chinese academic centers were identified and divided into quartiles based on SHR levels.
Methods: Multivariable regression analysis will be used to determine associations between SHR and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients.The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to predict mortality in various groups of septic patients.
Results: A total of 1835 septic patients were included in the study.The in-hospital, 30-day, and 60-day mortality rates for all septic patients were 22.8%, 18.7%, and 21.7%, respectively. Increased SHR was significantly associated with hospital mortality in multivariate regression analysis.These results were further confirmed in the adjusted analysis, where the hospital mortality and the 60-day mortality of the highest SHR quartile were significantly increased compared to the lowest SHR quartile. However, the highest SHR quartile was not associated with 30-day mortality.In addition, the risk of in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality and 60-day mortality showed a consistent upward trend with increasing SHR quartile. The survival curve showed that the worst prognosis was in the fourth SHR quartile.
Discussion: In conclusion, SHR was significantly associated with hospital mortality in patients with sepsis. This finding indicates that the SHR may be useful in identifying septic patients at higher risk of hospital mortality. - ArticleYang JE, Rossignol ED, Chang D, Zaia J, Forrester I, Raja K, Winbigler H, Nicastro D, Jackson WT, Bullitt E.Sci Rep. 2020 05 14;10(1):7939.Enteroviruses support cell-to-cell viral transmission prior to their canonical lytic spread of virus. Poliovirus (PV), a prototype for human pathogenic positive-sense RNA enteroviruses, and picornaviruses in general, transport multiple virions en bloc via infectious extracellular vesicles, 100~1000 nm in diameter, secreted from host cells. Using biochemical and biophysical methods we identify multiple components in secreted microvesicles, including mature PV virions; positive-sense genomic and negative-sense replicative, template viral RNA; essential viral replication proteins; and cellular proteins. Using cryo-electron tomography, we visualize the near-native three-dimensional architecture of secreted infectious microvesicles containing both virions and a unique morphological component that we describe as a mat-like structure. While the composition of these mat-like structures is not yet known, based on our biochemical data they are expected to be comprised of unencapsidated RNA and proteins. In addition to infectious microvesicles, CD9-positive exosomes released from PV-infected cells are also infectious and transport virions. Thus, our data show that, prior to cell lysis, non-enveloped viruses are secreted within infectious vesicles that also transport viral unencapsidated RNAs, viral and host proteins. Understanding the structure and function of these infectious particles helps elucidate the mechanism by which extracellular vesicles contribute to the spread of non-enveloped virus infection.