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  • Book
    written by Jason Reynolds ; adapted from Stamped from the beginning by and with an introduction from Ibram X. Kendi.
    Summary: "The construct of race has always been used to gain and keep power, to create dynamics that separate and silence. Racist ideas are woven into the fabric of this country, and the first step to building an antiracist America is acknowledging America's racist past and present. This book takes you on that journey, showing how racist ideas started and were spread, and how they can be discredited"--Dust jacket flap The thief known as racism is all around. The construct of race has always been used to gain and keep power, to create dynamics that separate and silence. Racist ideas are woven into a fabric of this country, and the first step to building an antiracist America is acknowledging America's racist past and present. This book takes you on that journey, showing you racist ideas started and were spread, and how they can discredited. Through a gripping, fast-paced, and energizing narrative, Stamped shines a light on the many insidious forms of racist ideas -- and on ways YOU can identify and stamp out racist thoughts, leading to a better future. -- From dust jacket.

    Contents:
    Section 1: 1415-1728. The story of the world's first racist ; Puritan power ; A different Adam ; A racist wunderkind ; Section 2: 1743-1826. Proof in the poetry ; Time out ; Time in ; Jefferson's notes ; Uplift suasion ; The great contradictor
    Section 3: 1826-1879. Mass communication for mass emancipation ; Uncle Tom ; Complicated Abe ; Garrison's last stand
    Section 4: 1868-1963. Battle of the Black brains ; Jack Johnson vs. Tarzan ; Birth of a nation (and a new nuisance) ; The mission is in the name ; Can't sing and dance and write it away ; Home is where the hatred is
    Section 5: 1963-today. When death comes ; Black power ; Murder was the case ; What war on drugs? ; The soundtrack of sorrow and subversion ; A million strong ; A bill too many ; A miracle and still a maybe.
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  • Article
    Guth PH, Aures D, Paulsen G.
    Gastroenterology. 1979 Jan;76(1):88-93.
    The effect of representative agents of three classes of antisecretory compounds; prostaglandins, histamine H2-receptor antagonist, and anticholinergic agents, on acute gastric mucosal lesions produced by topical aspirin (200 mg/kg) plus HCl (150 mM) in the pylorus-ligated rat was studied. Acid was given exogenously so as to negate any antisecretory effect of the drugs studied. Both nonantisecretory and antisecretory doses of each agent as determined by preliminary secretory studies were employed. The postaglandin analogue 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine, and the anticholinergic agent probanthine, in both doses studied, all significantly reduced lesion formation. The H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine neither protected by itself nor enhanced the protective effect of cimetidine. Pepsin release into the gastric content increased with increasing mucosal damage. However, addition of pepsin to the gastric instillate had no effect on severity lesions in any group, which indicates that the increased pepsin was the result of, and not the cause of, the mucosal damage. The findings indicate that all three classes of antisecretory agents studied are also cytoprotective, i.e., they can protect against gastric mucosal injury by topical aspirin plus HCl by some mechanism other than inhibition of acid and pepsin secretion.
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