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  • Book
    John A. Gracy.
    Summary: This practical introductory guide provides PA/NP students with the tools to recognize and begin treatment of the most common orthopedic problems, to avoid missing critical diagnoses, and to serve as a base of knowledge to which they can add depending on their chosen career path. Utilizing this concise text, PA/NP students will gain a basic familiarity with how to describe a problem (including imaging) to an orthopedic surgeon as well as how to begin treatment. In addition, the student should have no difficulty passing the orthopedic portion of the PA/NP credentialing exams. The essentials of imaging, fracture description and operating room procedures are presented first. Then, proceeding anatomically from upper to lower extremity and the spine, chapters utilize a user-friendly chapter format covering fractures, dislocations and trauma as well as non-traumatic injury, focusing on pathophysiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and brief treatment protocols. Since many PAs are office-based, only the highlights of surgery are presented, with an emphasis on what to look for regarding post-operative complications as well as the goals of the rehabilitation process (both non-operative and post-operative). Many books intended for orthopedic PA/NP students are written for those already in practice, usually providing far more information than the student can absorb in the usual 4-week orthopedic rotation, while others tend to skip important areas. This guide provides concise yet comprehensive coverage for a well-rounded presentation of everything orthopedic PA/NP students need to know to succeed.

    Contents:
    Introduction
    History, Physical Exam and Diagnostic Testing
    The Operating Room
    The Hand and Wrist
    The Elbow and Forearm
    The Shoulder and Humerus
    The Foot and Ankle
    The Knee
    The Hip and Thigh
    The Spine: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar
    Tumors
    Pediatric Orthopedics
    Rheumatological Disorders
    Compartment Syndrome.
    Digital Access Springer 2022
  • Article
    Chan WW.
    Eur J Biochem. 1978 Oct;90(2):271-81.
    The mechanism of subunit assembly of aspartate transcarbamoylase from Escherichia coli was studied by following the kinetics of reassociation. The isolated trimetric catalytic subunit (c3) and dimeric regulatory subunit (r2) were mixed together and formation of the dodecameric native enzyme (c6r6) was monitored by measuring changes in activity. Under appropriate conditions the reassociation was second order with respect to the c3 concentration and the effects of varying r2 concentration on the second-order rate constant were examined. An optimum R2 concentration of about 0.07 micrometer was observed. A scheme of the assembly pathways is proposed and is based on the reversible formation of c3r2n (n = 0, 1, 2 or 3) as intermediates. Various combinations of two such c3r2n species are considered as possible rate-limiting steps. This model yields an expression which relates the experimentally determined (overall) second-order rate constant to the equilibrium constant (Kd) governing the formation of c3r2n, the r2 concentration, and four coefficients which reflect the contribution of different types of assembly processes. Using previously determined values of Kd, the above expression for each r2 concentration reduces to a linear equation with four unknowns. The experimental data were subjected to multiple linear-regression analysis and values for the four coefficients were found which gave an excellent fit. Our results show that reassociation of the subunits is a fast bimolecular reaction with rate constants in excess of 10(6) M-1 s-1. Our analysis also suggests that interactions involving a total of more than three r2 subunits (e.g. the combination of c3r2 with c3r6) might contribute significantly to the overall assembly. The influence of various ligands on the reassociation rate profile was also studied. All ligands examined were partially inhibitory to the formation of native enzyme. The effects of substrates were similar to those of CTP whereas the effects of ATP were substantially different. These observations can be readily interpreted by postulating different conformational changes induced by the ligands. These changes should alter the relative orientation of the subunit contacts which must be formed in the reassociation process. The interpretation is consistent with our previous model of the allosteric mechanism.
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