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  • Book
    Naoki Nakashima, editor.
    Summary: This book analyzes the development of medical big data projects in Japan. Japan is experiencing unprecedented population aging, and labor productivity has decreased accordingly. Big data analysis of the Japanese medical real-world database (RWD) has the potential to tackle this issue. To allow readers to gain an understanding of Japanese medical big data analysis, the book discusses the original Japanese system that generates medical RWDs in the hospital medical records system, the nationwide standardized health checkup system, and the public medical insurance system in Japan. After introducing four major big data projects in the healthcaremedical field in Japan, the book explains the importance of creating information standards to maintain data quality and to analyze medical big data. It enables readers to analyze which standards are installed in which RWDs, how the standards are maintained, and which issues are prevalent in Japan. This book also describes the ethical processes involved in big data projects involving medical RWDs in Japan.

    Contents:
    Part 1: Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC)
    Chapter 1. Development of a casemix system and its application in Japan
    Part 2: National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB)
    Chapter 2. The Present Status and Future Perspective of the National Database of Health Insurance Claim Information and Specified Medical Checkups of Japan (NDB)
    Chapter 3. Surveillances for Non-communicable Complex Diseases by National Databases of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
    Chapter 4. Powerful Analytics Platform for National-Scale Database of Health Care Insurance Claims
    Chapter 5. Panoramic view of diabetes from a standpoint of the NDB (National Database)
    Chapter 6. Nephrology Research in the NDB
    Part 3: Medical Information Database Network (MID-NET)
    Chapter 7. Drug safety assessment and the Japanese medical information database network (MID-NET)
    Chapter 8. A Solution to the Problem of Data Quality in MID-NET
    Part 4: Disease Registration Cohort Study with EMR (SS-MIX2)
    Chapter 9. Health Information Standards
    Chapter 10. SS-MIX structured standardized storage
    Chapter 11. Japan Diabetes compREhensive database project based on an Advanced electronic Medical record System (J-DREAMS)
    Chapter 12. Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database: J-CKD-DB
    Chapter 13. The Japan Medical Imaging Database (J-MID).
    Digital Access Springer 2022
  • Article
    Olajos EJ.
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1977 Sep;1(2):175-96.
    There have been efforts to acquire information on the carcinogenic hazards of environmental materials to which humans are exposed since the earliest indications that chemicals can induce cancer in man. N-Nitroso compounds represent a major class of important chemical carcinogens and mutagens that have been implicated as hazardous substances in the environment. This review discusses the relevant chemistry and biotransformation of N-nitroso compounds. It also considers the interaction of these compounds with biological material. Nitrosamines and nitrosamides have been shown to be versatile tools for the study of mutagenic and carcinogenic processes and also lend themselves to structure/activity studies. Attention is drawn to recent developments concerning the relationship between mammalian metabolism of N-nitroso compounds and the relative susceptibility to carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. The usefulness of nitrosamines and nitrosamides in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies has been amply demonstrated, and continued work with these substances can lead to a better understanding and evaluation of the potential risks of chemicals in the environment.
    Digital Access Access Options