BookGila Perk.
Summary: The book provides a practically focused review of the latest techniques used for hemodynamic assessment in the echocardiography laboratory. It features a methodical case-based approach covering how to measure hemodynamic parameters successfully, including stroke volume, valve area and regurgitation severity, in a range of scenarios of varying complexity. Step-by-step guidance on how to apply the techniques described are provided. Each chapter also contains didactic features to assist the reader in assimilating the key points in every case, assisting them to develop their knowledge of how to treat patients with both routine and complex hemodynamic issues in the echocardiography laboratory. Hemodynamics in the Echocardiography Laboratory therefore represents a concise resource on how to carry out hemodynamic assessments and is a valuable resource for trainees and fellows in cardiology and echocardiography seeking a concise review of the topic.
Contents:
Intro
Contents
1: General Principles
1.1 Doppler Principle
1.2 Bernoulli Principle
1.2.1 Bernoulli Equation (Fig. 1.2)
1.3 Wiggers Diagram
1.4 Summary and Final Points
2: Math in the Echo Lab
2.1 Volume Calculations
2.1.1 VTI-Based Technique
2.1.2 Border Tracing-Based Technique
2.2 Resistance Calculations
2.3 Continuity Principle
2.4 PISA (Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area) Calculation
2.5 Volumetirc Calculations
2.6 Summary and Final Points
3: Pulmonary Pressure: Beginner
3.1 Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure 3.2 Analyzing TR Spectral Doppler Envelope
3.3 Measuring Peak TR Velocity
3.4 Assessing Right Atrial Pressure
3.5 Interpreting the Data
3.6 Summary and Final Points
4: Pulmonary Pressure: Advanced
4.1 Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure
4.2 Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure
4.2.1 Calculating Mean PAP Based on Sys/Dias PAP
4.2.2 PI Early Diastolic Velocity
4.2.3 TR VTI
4.2.4 PA Acceleration Time
4.3 Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
4.3.1 Comparing TR [delta]P and RVOT Flow
4.3.2 Calculating Pressure Drop and Flow across Pulmonary Circulation 4.4 Summary and Final Points
5: How Severe Is This MR
5.1 General Principles
5.2 Anatomic/Color Assessment for EROA
5.2.1 3D-Based Direct Measurement of EROA
5.2.2 Vena Contracta Measurement
5.3 PISA Method
5.3.1 Pointers and Potential Pitfalls for the PISA Method
5.4 Color Doppler Assessment
5.5 Volumetric Calculations
5.6 Summary and Final Points
6: What Is Wrong with This MR: Part I
6.1 Case Presentation
6.2 Approach to an Unusual MR Tracing
6.3 Summary and Final Points
7: What's Wrong with This MR: Part II
7.1 Case Presentation 7.2 Approach to an Unusual MR Tracing
7.2.1 Low Peak Velocity
7.2.2 Abnormal MR Envelope Shape
7.3 Summary and Final Points
8: Why Is This Happening Now
8.1 First-Degree Heart Block
8.1.1 Approach to Abnormal MR Timing
8.2 High Degree Heart Block
8.2.1 Approach to Abnormal MR Timing
8.3 The Missing Atrial Contraction
8.3.1 Approach to Abnormal MR Timing
8.4 Summary and Final Points
9: Extreme Pulsus Alternans
9.1 Case Presentation
9.2 Summary and Final Points
10: Is This AI an Emergency
10.1 AI Quantification
10.2 AI Hemodynamics 10.3 Summary and Final Points
11: There's a Hole in the Heart: Part I
11.1 Approach to ASD Evaluation
11.2 Case Presentation
11.2.1 Anatomic Type of ASD
11.2.2 Shunt Direction
11.2.3 Magnitude of the Interatrial Shunt
11.2.4 Effect of the Shunt on Chamber Size and Function
11.2.5 Presence of Pulmonary Hypertension
11.2.6 Estimation of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
11.3 Case Presentation
11.3.1 Shunt Direction
11.3.2 Magnitude of the Interatrial Shunt
11.3.3 Effect of the Shunt on Chamber Size and Function