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  • Book
    Wolfgang Karl Hofbauer, Georg Gärtner.
    Summary: This book provides a detailed overview of the microorganisms that form the initial growth on the exterior facades of buildings. It deals with the ecophysiological properties that characterize the basic conditions under which these microorganisms can occur on facades. In addition to an identification key for the types and forms of microorganisms, this book provides a detailed description of the individual organisms, stating their ecological range. Furthermore, the various ecological parameters are discussed in short chapters. Measures to prevent and combat the colonization of facades with microorganisms are also addressed. Specialists (architects, construction experts), builders, scientists and master students can find all the information they need on facade algae and fungi here. The authors Dr. Wolfgang Karl Hofbauer is chief scientist (taxonomy, ecophysiology and genetics) of the department Environment, Sensors and Hygiene at the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics. His professional research areas are taxonomy and ecophysiology of organisms on building surfaces, about which he did his doctorate in 2008, genetic barcoding of building relevant (micro)organisms and greening of building surfaces. Retired Prof. Dr. Dr.h.c Georg Gartner worked and researched at the University of Innsbruck on the cultivation and taxonomy of soil-and airborne. algae for many years. In 2012, Prof. Gartner was awarded an honorary doctorate by Sofia University for his services to the cooperation in algal studies between the botanical institutes of the University of Innsbruck and the University of Sofia.

    Contents:
    Introduction: Facades colonized by aerophytic microorganisms
    Facades as a functional part of a building
    The environment facade
    History of aerobiology, in respect of research on man-made surfaces
    Tools/Methods
    Experimental investigations and the assessment of primary growth of microorganisms on modern buiding structures
    Assessment of starter germ load of materials. Germ counts for specimens
    Culture based taxonomic analysis
    Taxonomy
    Pre-culture investigation
    Sample collection and preparation
    Establishment of pure cultures
    Background concentrations
    Air germ measurement
    Sedimentation
    Germ load of precipitation
    Ecophysiologic data
    Testing methods in respect of ths susceptibility of building products against colonisation by microorganisms
    Aerophytic organisms colonizing facades: their diversity and taxonomy with recognition of ecophysiological characteristics
    Regnum Eubacteria non oxygen phosynthetic active groups
    Regnum Archaea
    Division Rhodophyta Class Rhodophyceae
    Division Stramenopiles (Heterokonta), Class Bacillariophyceae
    Division Stramenopiles (Heterokonta), Class Xanthophyceae
    Division Stramenopiles (Heterokonta), Class Eustigmatophyceae
    Division (Infraregnum) Chlorophyta, Class Chlorophyceae
    Division (Infraregnum) Streptophyta
    Class Bryopsida Musci
    Class Pteridopsida
    Subregnum Eumycota
    Division Archemycota
    Class Zygomycetes
    Division Ascomycota
    Class Ascomycetes
    Division Basidiomycota
    Class Basidiomycetes
    Form of organisation Lichenes
    Formgroup Ascolichenes
    Synopsis
    Summary
    Acknowledgements
    Glossary 1
    Glossary 2 (important technical terms)
    Literature.
    Digital Access Springer 2021
  • Article
    Petty BG, Smith CR, Wade JC, Conrad GL, Lipsky JJ, Ellner JJ, Lietman PS.
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 Jul;14(1):13-8.
    We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous penicillin and cefamandole in the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia. Patients received either 1 g of cefamandole or 600,000 U of aqueous penicillin G every 6 h. Of the 100 patients entered into the study, 96 had clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Microbial etiology was determined from the results of sputum and blood cultures and/or sputum Gram stains. Streptococcus pneumoniae was pathogenic in 49 patients, of whom 24 received cefamandole and 25 received penicillin. There was no statistically significant difference in the response or cure rate. Of the 100 patients, 93 were treated for 3 days or more and were evaluated for adverse effects and toxicity. There was no significant difference between cefamandole-treated and pencillin-treated patients in the incidence of colonization, superinfection, phlebitis, thrombocytosis, decrease in hematocrit, or elevated liver function tests. Eosinophilia occurred more frequently in patients treated with penicillin (20 of 42) than in those treated with cefamandole (11 of 42 (chi square, P < 0.05). Only one patient receiving cefamandole developed a positive direct Coombs test. No patient in either group developed meningitis. We conclude that, with the doses and route of administration employed in this study, cefamandole is as effective as penicillin in the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia without an increased incidence of colonization, superinfection, or adverse effects.
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