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  • Book
    Sang-Ho Lee, Junseok Bae, Sang-Hyeop Jeon, editors.
    Summary: This book describes and illustrates a variety of minimally invasive approaches to the thoracic spine, covering procedures applicable in not only degenerative diseases but also deformities and trauma. Surgery to the thoracic spine is demanding because of the surrounding ribs, lungs, heart, and large blood vessels and the challenges posed by the vulnerable spinal cord within a relatively small spinal canal. Consequently, postsurgical morbidity is often high. In this context, minimally invasive surgery offers significant benefits, but to date, comprehensive coverage in textbooks is lacking owing to the limited experience in the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques. This book will be ideal for all who are searching for clear guidance that is faithful to the established principles of spine surgery and evidence-based medicine. In addition to the comprehensive coverage of procedures appropriate in different pathologies, including thoracic disc herniation, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, ossification of the ligamentum flavum, and stenosis, individual chapters address the transforaminal endoscopic approach, interventional treatment, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and navigation for thoracic spine surgery.

    Contents:
    1. Introduction
    A. Anatomical consideration of the thoracic spine
    B. Anesthetic consideration of the thoracic spine surgery
    C. Clinical presentation of the thoracic spinal compression
    2. Thoracic disc herniation
    A. Transforaminal endoscopic approach with foraminoplasty
    B. Thoracoscopic approach
    C. Minithoracotomy and discectomy
    D. Minimally invasive Posterior approach
    3. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum
    A. Microscopic decompression
    B. Endoscopic decompression
    4. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
    A. Mini-Thoracotomy and OPLL resection
    B. Thoracoscopic approach
    C. Oblique paraspinal approach
    5. Trauma
    A. Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty
    B. Minimally invasive reconstruction of vertebral body in Kummell's disease
    C. Minithoracotomy and Corpectomy using Expandable cage
    6. Arachnoid cyst
    A. Minimally invasive resection of thoracic arachnoid cyst
    7. Tumor
    A. Minimally invasive resection of IDEM tumor
    B. Stereotactic Radiosurgery of thoracic spine
    8. Deformity on the thoracic spine
    A. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
    B. Posttraumatic deformity
    C. Proximal Junctional Kyphosis
    9. Interventional treatment
    A. CT and ultrasound guided block
    B. Epidural Neuroplasty
    10. Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
    11. Robotic surgery in thoracic spine
    12. Navigation for thoracic spine surgery. .
    Digital Access Springer 2021
  • Article
    Burapavong V, Marshall GW, Apfel DA, Perry HT.
    Am J Orthod. 1978 Aug;74(2):176-87.
    Thirty-six premolars which were scheduled for routine extraction were bracketed with either N or G system adhesives. After one week the brackets were removed and the residual adhesive removed by low-speed green stone, a hand scaler, or an ultrasonic scaler. Half the teeth were given a final pumice, and then all were extracted. The SEM was used to evaluate the enamel surface, and quantitative assessments were made for the area covered with retained adhesive and for damage to the surface. All three removal techniques left appreciable amounts of retained adhesive 20 to 60 per cent coverage for G and 55 to 75 per cent for N adhesive. All detectable adhesive was removed by final pumicing. The detectably roughened area was over 50 per cent for the green stone treatment for both materials and appeared to introduce unnecessary roughness. The hand scaler and the particular ultrasonic scaler used in this study did not severely roughen the enamel for either material and appeared to be effective for initial adhesive removal. All three techniques introduced occasional gouges 10 to 20 micrometer in depth which could not be removed. All other roughness was generally smoothed by final pumicing. Thus, pumicing is a necessary final step with all removal procedures studied.
    Digital Access Access Options