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  • Book
    Vinaya Kumar Hebsale Mallappa, Mahantesh Shirur, editors.
    Summary: This book provides insights on innovative strategies to build resilient food systems in the wake of challenges posed by climate change. Providing food security to the growing population especially in developing countries without exacerbating the environment is a major challenge. Climate change is expected to reduce agricultural productivity, leading to a decline in overall food availability and significantly increasing the number of malnourished children in developing countries. Interventions for enhancing the adaptive capacity of farmers especially of small holders needs immediate impetus. The policy formulation and development programs must reorient in the wake of the new expectations and deliverables. This book comprises of sixteen chapters that discuss the trends in global agriculture development and food system. The book highlights different aspects of household food and nutritional security. The chapters covering diverse aspects address food system, rural and urban food chain, factors affecting their sustainability and short and long term solutions to make them climate resilient. Important issues having significant implications on climate change such as Waste management, Value chain, Agri-marketing, etc. are also covered. The book would be an important resource for researchers in food science, environmental sciences and agriculture. It would also be beneficial for students and future scientists working on sustainable agriculture and food security. .

    Contents:
    Intro
    Preface
    About the Book
    Contents
    About the Editors
    Abbreviations
    1: Building a Resilient Food System: Challenges and a Way Forward
    1.1 Introduction
    1.1.1 Ecological Security
    1.1.2 Technological Security
    1.1.3 PostHarvest Technology and Building Grain Reserves
    1.1.4 Social Security
    1.1.5 Nutrition Education
    1.1.6 Population Stabilization
    1.2 Factors Are Affecting Food Availability
    1.2.1 Physical Factor
    1.2.2 Biological Factor
    1.2.3 Political Factors
    1.2.4 Economic Factor
    1.2.5 Food Conservation Factor 1.2.6 Food Distribution Factor
    1.3 Means to Increase the Availability of Nutrients
    1.4 Factors Are Affecting the Consumption of Food
    1.5 Means to Combating Malnutrition
    1.6 Challenges and Way Forward Are the Issues for Resilient Food System
    1.6.1 Challenges for Resilient Food System
    1.6.2 Cooperatives in the Developing World
    1.6.3 Farmers ́Cooperatives to Improve Bargaining Power
    1.6.4 Farmers ́Cooperatives to Improve Farm Income
    1.6.5 A Way Forward
    1.7 Building a Resilient Food System at the Community Level 1.8 A Conceptual Framework for Resilience of Food and Nutritional System
    1.9 Interventions as a Lever for the Resilience of the Food System
    1.9.1 Policy Interventions
    1.9.2 Institutional Intervention
    1.9.3 Technological Intervention
    1.9.4 Capacity-Building Intervention
    1.10 Conclusion and Policy Implication
    References
    2: From an Empty-Plate Lunch to Silk-Stocking Dinner: Some Futuristic Approaches in Agriculture
    2.1 Agriculture as a Development Process
    2.2 Challenges in Agriculture: An Overview
    2.2.1 Population-Induced Growing Global Food Demand 2.2.2 Urbanization-Led Drift in Food Demand and Increased Production System Struggle
    2.2.3 Climate Change and Reduced Crop Yields
    2.2.4 Triple Burden of Malnutrition
    2.2.5 Alarming Level of Post-Harvest Losses
    2.2.6 Low Income and Low Social Status Offer to Farmers
    2.3 Pragmatic Solutions and Strategies for Overcoming the Challenges
    2.3.1 Nontraditional and Urban Farming as an Alternative Production System
    2.3.2 Internet of Things for the Better Agriculture
    2.3.2.1 Planting and Seeding
    2.3.2.2 Weed Control and Intercultural Operations 2.3.2.3 Harvesting of the Produce
    2.3.2.4 Primarily Surveillance
    2.3.2.5 Processing of Farm Produces
    2.3.3 Price Forecast in Agriculture
    2.3.4 Diversification and Commercialization of Agriculture
    2.3.5 Climate-Smart Agriculture: Adaptation and Mitigation
    2.3.5.1 Climate-Smart Technologies
    2.3.5.2 The Resource-Conserving Technologies (RCTs)
    2.3.5.3 Carrot and Stick Approach in Knowledge Integration
    2.3.6 Nutrition Farming as a Hunger Fighter
    2.3.7 Reaching Zero Hunger Through Zero Wastage and Surplus Management
    2.3.8 Policy Options and Its Imperatives
    Digital Access Springer 2021
  • Article
    Zachrisson BU, Brobakken BO.
    Am J Orthod. 1978 Jul;74(1):62-78.
    A longitudinal clinical trial was made in forty-two children to compare some commonly used techniques for orthodontic bracket bonding. A particular study design (Figs. 1 and 5) allowed blind quadrantwise comparisons in the same patient of six different variables, including direct versus indirect bonding, adhesives of the filled diacrylate resin type with small versus large filler particles, and metal brackets with mesh-backed versus perforated bases. The same person bonded all brackets within one week and performed the orthodontic treatment by a friction-free edgewise light-wire technique. Efforts were made to minimize gingival irritation by using eccentrically placed brackets on small bases, by careful trimming of excess adhesives flash around the bases, and by directing much emphasis on oral hygiene measures. The plaque situation around the brackets and along the gingival margins and the gingival condition were assessed according to the criteria of the plaque and gingival index systems by a dental hygienist at each monthly visit during a test period of 6 months. The study demonstrated that both direct and indirect bonding with the different adhesives and bracket types could give clinically satisfactory results. Still, there were statistically significant differences in plaque retention, gingival inflammation, and bond strength. The bonding adhesive with small filler particles was more hygienic than and about as strong as two adhesives with larger, coarser filler particles. The mesh-backed brackets retained less plaque and gave stronger bonds than the brackets with perforated pads. Advantages of direct bonding over the indirect procedure were that (1) the bracket bases were fitted closer to the tooth surface (which improved bond strength), (2) it was easier to work clean and to remove excess adhesive flash around the bracket bases (to help prevent gingival inflammation and decalcification and facilitate debonding), and (3) the bonding adhesive constantly filled out the entire contact surface of the brackets (thus avoiding artificial undercuts and deficiency areas which are prone to promote decalcification). A number of other clinical observations were also discussed.
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