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  Infection management in hematology

  Oliver A. Cornely, Martin Hoenigl, editors.

  Summary: This book provides a thorough update on the management of infections in patients with hematologic malignancies, focusing particularly on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Detailed attention is devoted to the central roles that vaccination and anti-infective prophylaxis have gained in improving overall survival in this patient group, in accordance with the principle that prevention is better than cure. Careful consideration is also paid to risk stratification, which is crucial in ensuring that anti-infective prophylaxis is targeted to those at the highest risk. While preventive strategies reduce the prevalence of infections, optimized management strategies are vital to decrease infection-related morbidity and mortality in those who nevertheless develop infections. Here, readers will find in-depth, up-to-date knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections, according to the affected organ and the causative pathogen. Finally, treatment in intensive care units is reviewed. The book will be of high value for hematologists, oncologists, and infection specialists.
  
  Contents:
  Intro
  Preface
  Contents
  1: Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Invasive Fungal Infections
  1.1 Introduction
  1.2 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)
  1.3 Acute Leukemia
  1.4 Other Hematologic Diseases
  1.5 Invasive Candidiasis
  1.6 Other Invasive Yeast Infections
  1.7 Invasive Aspergillosis
  1.8 Mucormycosis
  1.9 Fusariosis
  1.10 Other Invasive Mold Infections
  1.11 Pneumocystosis
  1.12 Endemic Mycoses
  1.13 Risk Stratification and Preventive Strategies
  References
  2: Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Prophylaxis
  2.1 Introduction 2.2 Antibacterial Prophylaxis
  2.2.1 Who Is at Risk?
  2.2.2 Antibacterial Prevention Strategies in Neutropenic Patients: Past and Present
  2.3 Concerns About Antibiotic Prophylaxis
  2.3.1 Treatment Cost
  2.3.2 Antibiotic Resistance
  2.4 Antiparasitic Prophylaxis
  2.4.1 Introduction
  2.4.2 Recommendations for Prevention of Specific Infections
  2.4.2.1 Enteric Pathogens
  2.4.2.2 Infections Transmitted by Arthropod Bites
  2.4.2.3 Infections Transmitted Through Skin and Mucous Membranes
  References
  3: Antifungal Prophylaxis
  3.1 Introduction 3.2 General Measures for Prevention of Invasive Fungal Infections
  3.3 Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes
  3.4 Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  3.5 Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  3.6 Novel Therapeutic Agents and Fungal Risk in Other Haematological Malignancies
  3.7 Aplastic Anaemia
  3.8 Secondary Prophylaxis
  3.9 Primary Prophylaxis as Part of the Antifungal Management Continuum
  References
  4: Antiviral Prophylaxis
  4.1 Herpes Viruses
  4.1.1 Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 4.1.2 Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
  4.1.3 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  4.2 Respiratory Viruses
  4.3 Hepatotropic Viruses
  4.4 Polyomaviruses
  4.5 Other Viruses
  References
  5: Immune Response to Vaccines
  5.1 Introduction
  5.2 Vaccine Immune Response
  5.2.1 Live Vaccines
  5.2.2 Non-Live Vaccines
  5.2.3 Vaccine Adjuvants
  5.2.4 Stages of Immunization
  5.2.4.1 The Extrafollicular Vaccine Immune Reaction
  5.2.4.2 The Germinal Centre Vaccine Immune Reaction
  5.3 Determining Factors of Vaccine Immune Response
  5.3.1 Host Factors
  5.3.1.1 Age 5.3.1.2 Genetic Factors
  5.3.2 Nature of the Vaccine
  5.3.3 Schedule of Vaccination
  5.4 Specificity of Vaccine Immune Response
  References
  6: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
  6.1 Influenza
  6.1.1 Hematological Malignancies and Influenza
  6.1.2 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) and Influenza
  6.1.2.1 Timing of the Vaccination
  6.1.2.2 Vaccination of the Household
  6.1.2.3 Vaccination of the Donor
  6.2 Fungal Infections and Vaccination
  6.3 Herpes Zoster
  6.3.1 Hematological Malignancies and Herpes Zoster

  Digital Access Springer 2021
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• Article

  Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in liver disease.

  McIntyre N.

  Gut. 1978 Jun;19(6):526-30.

  There are many changes in the plasma, lipids, and lipoproteins in patients with liver disease. They have proved difficult to study but our understanding of these changes has increased greatly during recent years. In obstructive jaundice hyperlipidaemia is a fairly constant finding and this appears to be due to the regurgitation of phospholipid from the obstructed biliary tree. The plasma lipids tend to fall with parenchymal liver disease. The composition of the lipoproteins depends on the activity of the plasma enzyme lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase. When LCAT activity is high the individual lipoprotein fractions are normal. When it is reduced all of the lipoprotein fractions are affected but the pattern found with obstruction is quite different from that found with parenchymal disease. The changes in plasma lipoproteins appear to be associated with change in the lipid composition of cellular membranes and this may have important functional implications.

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  PubMed