BookJuan Bueno.
Summary: Translational medicine addresses the gap between research and the clinical application of new discoveries. To efficiently deliver new drugs to care centers, a preclinical evaluation, both in vitro and in vivo, is required to ensure that the most active and least toxic compounds are selected as well as to predict clinical outcome. Antimicrobial nanomedicines have been shown to have higher specificity in their therapeutic targets and the ability to serve as adjuvants, increasing the effectiveness of pre-existing immune compounds. The design and development of new standardized protocols for evaluating antimicrobial nanomedicines is needed for both the industry and clinical laboratory. These protocols must aim to evaluate laboratory activity and present models of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic and toxicokinetic behavior that predict absorption and distribution. Likewise, these protocols must follow a theranostics approach, be able to detect promising formulations, diagnose the infectious disease, and determine the correct treatment to implement a personalized therapeutic behavior. Given the possibilities that nanotechnology offers, not updating to new screening platforms is inadequate as it prevents the correct application of discoveries, increasing the effect of the valley of death between innovations and their use. This book is structured to discuss the fundamentals taken into account for the design of robust, reproducible and automatable evaluation platforms. These vital platforms should enable the discovery of new medicines with which to face antimicrobial resistance (RAM), one of the great problems of our time.
Contents:
Intro
Dedication
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Antimicrobial Screening: Foundations and Interpretation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Anti-infectives Research Until Clinical Use
1.3 Phenotypic Resistance Versus Genetic Resistance
1.4 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Virulence Factors
1.5 Biomarkers and Antimicrobial Testing
1.6 Integral Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
1.7 Biosensors in Antimicrobial Evaluation
1.8 Conclusions
References 3.3 Antimicrobial Nanoformulations in Drug Delivery
3.4 Antimicrobial Nanotheranostics Trojan Horse
3.5 Cellomics of Synergism Under a Multi-target Strategy
3.6 Biofilm Penetration: Synergy and Strategy
3.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: In Vitro Nanotoxicity: Toward the Development of Safe and Effective Treatments
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nanomaterials in Interaction with Tissues
4.3 Toxic Dose 50 and Lethal Dose 50 in Nanotechnology
4.4 Drug Interactions and Adverse Events with Nanodrugs
4.5 Immunotoxicity: Immune Response Without Control 4.6 Genotoxicity, Epi-genotoxicity, and Carcinogenesis
4.7 Nanotoxicokinetics
4.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: ADMETox: Bringing Nanotechnology Closer to Lipinski's Rule of Five
5.1 Introduction
5.2 ADMET Score
5.3 Absorption and Interaction with Biological Systems in Nanotechnology
5.4 Distribution: Specificity After Absorption
5.5 Metabolism: Nanomaterial Clearance
5.6 Nanopharmaceutical Excretion: The Risk of Gastrointestinal Disorders
5.7 Conclusions
References Chapter 2: Antimicrobial Activity of Nanomaterials: From Selection to Application
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Antimicrobial Activity of Nanomaterials
2.3 Antimicrobial Models for Nanomaterials Evaluation
2.4 Implementation of Antimicrobial Methods for Nanomaterials Evaluation
2.5 Selection Criteria on the Basis of Biodegradability and Toxicity
2.6 Therapeutic Index in Nanomaterials
2.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Synergy and Antagonism: The Criteria of the Formulation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Multi-target Antimicrobial Strategy Chapter 6: Antimicrobial Nanotechnology in Preventing the Transmission of Infectious Disease
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Nanomaterials in Antimicrobial Surfaces
6.3 Antibiofilm Activity of Antimicrobial Nanotechnology
6.4 Antiquorum Sensing: Avoid Dissemination by Preventing Communication
6.5 Nanomaterials and Surfactant Activity
6.6 Nano-Bio Interaction and Antimicrobial Effects
6.7 Nanotoxicological Models in Antimicrobial Coatings
6.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Nanotechnology in the Discovery of New Antimicrobial Drugs: Is a New Scientific Revolution Possible?