BookFlavio Ruffinatto, Alan Crivellaro.
Summary: This atlas presents macroscopic descriptions, macro cross section pictures, general characteristics and identification keys of 335 wood species currently introduced in the European timber market from all over the world. Overall 292 different genera are represented and CITES-listed timbers are also included. Macroscopic descriptions are based on a recently proposed list of macroscopic features for wood identification. Macroscopic features and their codes are defined and illustrated in the atlas. Wood descriptions also include information about natural durability, physical and mechanical properties, end uses, environmental sustainability and possible related misleading commercial names. Furthermore, each genus is described in terms of number of species, geographical distribution and main commercial timbers, and details are given about to what extent timbers within the genus can be typically identified through macroscopic and microscopic analysis, if any. The atlas will be a valuable guide for all agents in charge for timber verification, those involved in the European Timber Regulation enforcement and CITES inspections, as well as wood scientists, foresters, wood sellers, wood restorers, and any wood worker and wood passionate interested in a fast and reliable tool for wood identification.
Contents:
Intro
Acknowledgments
Contents
Introduction
Part I: Basics of Wood Structure, Materials and Methods, Identification Key
1: Plans of Observation and Wood Structure
Plans of Observation
Wood Structure
2: Specimen Preparation and Observation
Cutting Tools
Specimen Preparation
Hand Lens Observation
3: Materials and Methods
Species Selection
Specimen Preparation and Imaging
Specimen Description
References
4: Definition of Macroscopic Characters
Anatomical Characters, Wood with and Without Vessels (Hardwoods and Softwoods)
Growth Rings Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Amburana
Amburana cearensis (Allemao) A.C.Sm.
Amphimas
Amphimas pterocarpoides Harms
Andira
Andira coriacea Pulle
Androstachys
Androstachys johnsonii Prain
Aniba
Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez
Aniba rosodora Ducke
Anisoptera
Anisoptera costata Korth.
Anopyxis
Anopyxis klaineana (Pierre) Engl.
Antiaris
Antiaris toxicaria (J.F.Gmel.) Lesch.
Antrocaryon
Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre
Apuleia
Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr.
Aquilaria
Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Anatomical Characters, Wood with Vessels (Hardwoods)
Porosity
Vessel Arrangement
General Comments
Vessel Groupings
General Comments
Vessel Frequency
General Comments
Vessel Diameter/Pore Visibility
General Comments
Latewood Pore Visibility
Vesselless Bands
Tyloses
Vessel Deposits
Axial Parenchyma Distribution
Ray Width
General Comments
Ray Storying
Ray Height
Rays per Millimetre
Wood Rayless
Fibres
Intercellular Canals
Included Phloem
Anatomical Characters, Wood Without Vessels (Softwoods)
Earlywood/Latewood Transition Axial Canals
Axial Parenchyma
Non-structural Characters, Wood with and Without Vessels (Hardwoods and Softwoods)
Heartwood Colour
General Comments
Heartwood Density
Heartwood Odour
Heartwood Oily Surface
Habit (According to IAWA 1989)
Geographical Distribution (According to IAWA 1989) (Fig. 4.27)
Non-structural Characters, Wood with Vessels (Hardwoods)
Heartwood Fluorescence
General Comments
Heartwood Extractives
Heartwood Froth Test
Heartwood Burning Splinter Test
Chrome Azurol-S test
Grain
Surface Marks
References
5: Identification Key Softwoods
Hardwoods
Part II: Wood Specifications
6: Wood Specifications A-B
Abies
Abies alba Mill.
Acacia
Acacia mangium Willd.
Acer
Acer pseudoplatanus L.
Adina
Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Brandis
Aesculus
Aesculus hippocastanum L.
Afzelia
Afzelia bipindensis Harms.
Agathis
Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl.
Ailanthus
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
Albizia
Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth.
Alexa
Alexa imperatricis (R.H.Schomb.) Baill.
Alnus
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.
Alstonia