BookPierre Pontarotti, editor.
Summary: This book presents 15 selected contributions to the 22nd Evolutionary Biology Meeting, which took place in September 2018 in Marseille. They are grouped under the following major themes: · Origin of Life · Concepts and Methods · Genome and Phenotype Evolution The aims of these annual meetings in Marseille are to bring together leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists who employ evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research, and to promote the exchange of ideas and encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Offering an up-to-date overview of recent advances in the field of evolutionary biology, this book represents an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.
Contents:
Intro; Preface; Contents; Origin of Life; 1 A Non-paradoxical Pathway for the Chemical Evolution Toward the Most Primitive RNA-Based Life-like System; 1.1 Importance of the RNA World Hypothesis for the Origin-of-Life Problem; 1.2 Drawbacks Regarding the RNA World Hypothesis; 1.2.1 RNA-Based Life-like System Involving Both Information and Metabolism Machineries; 1.2.2 Compartmentalization for the RNA-Based Life-like System; 1.2.3 Importance of Additional Functions to the Self-replication of RNA; 1.3 Two-Gene Hypothesis; 1.4 Experimental Techniques Simulating the Hadean Earth Environments 1.4.1 Compatibility with the Hadean Earth Environments1.4.2 Hydrothermal Flow Reactor Systems; 1.4.3 Other Methods on Extreme Conditions; 1.5 Chemical Evolution of Proteins and RNA Under the Hadean Earth Environments; 1.5.1 Protein-like Molecules; 1.5.2 RNA; 1.5.3 High-Temperature Origin of Life; 1.6 Conclusions; References; 2 Formation of Nucleosides and Nucleotides in Chemical Evolution; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Formation of Nucleobases; 2.3 Formation and Conformation of Ribose; 2.4 Formation of Nucleosides and Nucleotides; 2.5 Concluding Remarks; References 3 The First Universal Common Ancestor (FUCA) as the Earliest Ancestor of LUCA's (Last UCA) Lineage3.1 Historical Background; 3.1.1 The Lineage of LUCA; 3.1.2 LUCA and the Viruses; 3.2 Life Versus Biological Systems; 3.2.1 Origins Versus Emergence; 3.3 Biological Systems are Chemical Translators; 3.3.1 The Molecular Establishment of the Genetic Code; 3.3.2 The Anatomy of Ribosomes; 3.4 FUCA Is Born at the Proto-PTC; 3.5 The Maturation of FUCA; 3.6 Conclusions; References; Concepts and Methods; 4 Repeatability and Predictability in Experimental Evolution; 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Factors Limiting Predictability in Experimental Evolution4.2.1 Historical Contingency and Determinism in Experimental Evolution; 4.2.2 Influence of Genetic Background; 4.2.3 Environmental Influence; 4.2.4 Complexity and Diversity in Experimental Evolution; 4.2.5 Relevance to Natural Populations; 4.3 Causes of Repeated Experimental Evolution; 4.4 Potential for Forecasting on Different Biological Levels; 4.4.1 Prediction of Fitness; 4.4.2 Prediction of Phenotypes; 4.4.3 Origin of Adaptive Mutants; 4.4.4 Prediction of Mutational Effects 4.4.5 Conclusion-Desired Properties of Model Systems for Forecasting Experimental EvolutionReferences; 5 RetroSpect, a New Method of Measuring Gene Regulatory Evolution Rates Using Co-mapping of Genomic Functional Features with Transposable Elements; 5.1 Background; 5.2 Methods; 5.2.1 Quantitative Metrics of Genes and Pathways Regulatory Evolution; 5.2.2 Extraction and Quantitation of RE-Specific TFBS; 5.2.3 Evolutionary Age of REs; 5.2.4 Gene Enrichment by RE-Linked TFBS; 5.2.5 Pathway Enrichment by RE-Linked TFBS; 5.2.6 Specific Cell Line Distribution Patterns of RE-Linked TFBS