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  • Book
    Md. Aslam Khan, Wasim Ahmad, editors.
    Summary: The focus of this book is on the potential of entomopathogens in agroecosystem functioning. Entomopathogens are natural enemies of insect pests and have been regularly isolated around the world for pest management purposes. Employing entomopathogens to combat insect pests of agricultural importance has gained momentum due to ecofriendly approaches applied. Although they play a critical role in IPM they remain relatively underutilized despite their many advantages over other biological and chemical products. The different chapters throw light on topics such as soil-borne entomopathogens and their molecular phylogeny; ascomycota and IPM; conidial thermotolerance; oxidative stress for mycoinsecticide enhancement; cytotoxic factors of entomopathogenic bacteria and insect haemocytes; EPN and non-target arthropods; granuloviruses and IPM; entomopathogens with other pest management options; synergism and antagonism among entomopathogen and chemical insecticides. Microbes for Sustainable Insect Pest Management, Volume 1: An Eco-friendly Approach, along with the forthcoming Volume 2: Secondary Metabolites, Hydrolytic Enzymes & Nanoparticles, provide detailed accounts on the safe use of entomopathogens for sustainable management of insect pests. Together, they aim at providing solid foundations for the students, teachers, and researchers interested in eco-friendly management of important insect crop pests.

    Contents:
    Intro; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Synthetic Chemical Insecticides: Environmental and Agro Contaminants; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Background and History; 1.3 Environmental Contaminants; 1.4 Impact on Human Health; 1.5 Resistance Among Insect Pests; 1.6 Effects on Non -Target Organisms; 1.7 Effects on Beneficial Arthropods; 1.8 Pesticides Degradation; 1.9 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Soil-Borne Entomopathogenic Bacteria and Fungi; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Soil-Borne Entomopathogenic Bacteria; 2.2.1 Isolation; 2.2.2 Mechanism of Action; 2.3 Soil-Borne Entomopathogenic Fungi 2.3.1 Entomophthorales (Entomopthoromycotina: Entomophthoromycetes)2.3.2 Hypocreales (Pezizomycotina: Sordariomycetes); 2.4 Current Status as Biopesticides; 2.5 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Molecular Phylogeny of Entomopathogens; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Molecular Phylogenetics and its Importance; 3.3 Entomopathogenic Viruses; 3.3.1 Origin, Natural History and Geographical Distribution; 3.3.2 Taxonomy and Evolution; 3.3.3 Genomics and Phylogeny; 3.4 Entomopathogenic Bacteria (EB); 3.4.1 Origin, Natural History and Geographical Distribution; 3.4.2 Taxonomy and Evolution 3.4.3 Genomics and Phylogeny3.5 Entomopathogenic Fungi (EF); 3.5.1 Origin, Natural History and Geographical Distribution; 3.5.2 Taxonomy and Evolution; 3.5.3 Genomics and Phylogeny; 3.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 4: Potential of Entomopathogenic Bacteria and Fungi; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Bacterial History and Diversity; 4.2.1 Gram Positive: Firmicutes and Actinobacteria; 4.2.1.1 Bacillaceae; 4.2.1.2 Paenibacillaceae; 4.2.1.3 Clostridiaceae; 4.2.1.4 Streptomycetaceae; 4.2.1.5 Pseudonocardiaceae; 4.2.2 Gram-Negative: Proteobacteria; 4.2.2.1 Enterobacteriaceae; 4.2.2.2 Pseudomonadaceae 4.2.2.3 Coxiellaceae4.2.2.4 Neisseriaceae; 4.2.2.5 Burkholderiaceae; 4.3 Soil Habitat and Pathogenesis of Bacteria; 4.4 Fungal History and Diversity; 4.4.1 Oomycota (Kingdom: Chromista); 4.4.2 Microsporidia; 4.4.3 Chytridiomycota; 4.4.4 Blastocladiomycota; 4.4.5 Zygomycota; 4.4.6 Entomophthoromycota; 4.4.7 Basidiomycota; 4.4.8 Ascomycota; 4.5 Soil Habitat and Pathogenesis of Entomophthorales and Hypocreales; 4.6 Conclusion; References; Chapter 5: Ascomycota and Integrated Pest Management; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Biology and Taxonomy; 5.3 Mode of Action; 5.3.1 Beauveria spp.; 5.3.2 Isaria spp. 5.3.3 Metarhizium spp. 5.3.4 Lecanicillium spp.; 5.3.5 Nomuraea rileyi; 5.3.6 Hirsutella thompsonii; 5.3.7 Aschersonia spp.; 5.4 Ascomycetes in IPM Programmes; 5.4.1 Beauveria spp.; 5.4.2 Lecanicillium lecanii; 5.4.3 Metarhizium spp.; 5.4.4 Nomuraea sp.; 5.4.5 Isaria spp.; 5.4.6 Aschersonia sp.; 5.4.7 Hirsutella spp.; 5.5 Ascomycetes as Mycoinsectides; 5.6 Genetic Modifications to Enhance Virulence; 5.6.1 Augmenting Virulence; 5.6.2 Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses
    UV Radiation and Heat; 5.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects; References; Chapter 6: Thermotolerance of Fungal Conidia
    Digital Access Springer 2019
  • Article
    Rust M, Landauer B, Kolb E.
    Anaesthesist. 1978 May;27(5):205-12.
    Various surgical procedures have been performed using ketamine alone (Group I) or ketamine-relaxant-air anaesthesia (Group II). In all patients we observed a significant rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate. The intraoperative values showed a tendency to return to normal. Ten minutes after injection 2 mg/kg body-weight i.v., ketamine caused a significant reduction in arterial PO2 and oxygen saturation as well as a significant rise in arterial PCO2, though these changes were of no clinical importance. In both groups the intraoperative values were normal as compared to the preoperative level. In all cases base excess reflecting the metabolic side of blood gas analysis was within normal range. Based on our findings we recommend the use of ketamine as a sole anesthetic agent for IPPB ventilated as well as spontaneously breathing patients in disaster situations.
    Digital Access Access Options