BookAlexander Vaiserman, editor.
Summary: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of developmental programming of ageing phenotypes. Although gerontological research has traditionally focused on later stages of the life cycle, growing evidence indicates that both the rate of ageing-associated functional declines, and the risks of later-life chronic pathological conditions, can be traced to origins early in life. While other books in the field concentrate on the developmental origin of particular disorders, this volume offers a detailed guide to all important aspects of the role of early-life conditions in programming both chronic pathological conditions and the ageing process. Interest in the study of ageing and longevity had its beginnings in research on the fetal origins of adult disease. This has evolved into a hypothesis on the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease (DOHaD), which postulates that adverse environmental exposures during critical in-utero and early postnatal stages of development may permanently change physiological responses and cause functional impairments and disorders in adult life. In this book, the contributing authors and leading experts from around the world, describe research on mechanisms underlying the developmental programming phenomenon, as well as interventional strategies aimed at restoring developmentally disrupted epigenetic patterns. Early Life Origins of Ageing and Longevity benefits a wide audience of working scientists, clinicians, and advanced students, and will also interest scientifically curious general readers who wish to know more about current research in this rapidly evolving field.
Contents:
Intro; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Overview; 1 Epidemiology of Early Nutrition and Adult Health: Metabolic Adaptations and Body Composition; 1.1 Introduction to the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease; 1.2 Famine and DOHaD; 1.2.1 Dutch Famine; 1.2.2 Chinese Famine; 1.2.3 Finnish Famine; 1.3 Historical Birth Cohorts and DOHaD; 1.3.1 Poor Growth as a Risk Factor for Obesity; 1.3.2 Poor Growth as a Risk Factor for Chronic Diseases; 1.3.3 Poor Growth as a Risk Factor for Mental Health Diseases; 1.4 Growth Retadation and DOHaD; 1.4.1 Global Prevalence of Stunting 1.4.2 Stunting in Latin America1.4.3 Stunting in Africa; 1.4.4 First 1,000 Days Concept; 1.4.5 Stunting and Metabolic Adaptations; 1.4.6 Social Determinants of Growth and Role in DOHaD; 1.5 Summary and Conclusions; References; 2 General Biology of the Developmental Origins of Health; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Growth: A Cellular Process; 2.3 Cellular Dualities: Alternative Cell Fate Decisions; 2.4 Oxygen; 2.5 Building and Reserving; 2.6 Building the Body: Cells Are Energy-Driven; 2.7 Phenotypic Outcomes Reflect Tissue Construction; 2.8 Fetal Challenges in Building the Body 2.9 Biological Fundamentals of Developmental Origins of Health and DiseaseReferences; Experimental Study of DOHaD; 3 Early Life Programming of Aging in Genetically Long-Lived Mice; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Ames Dwarf Mouse, an Animal Genetically Predisposed to Extreme Longevity; 3.3 Multiple Mechanisms Link Reduced GH Signaling with Extended Longevity of Ames Dwarf Mice; 3.4 Effects of GH Replacement Therapy in Juvenile Ames Dwarf Mice; 3.5 Discussion; References; 4 Immunological Basis of In Utero Programming of Adult Disease; 4.1 Developmental Origin of Metabolic Diseases 4.2 Fetal Immune Development4.3 Fetal Immune Perturbation Results in Adult Metabolic Disease; 4.4 Immunologic Basis of Metabolic Health; 4.5 Concluding Remarks; References; 5 Early Life Developmental Programming of the GH/IGF Axis and Long-Term Health; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Developmental Programming of the GH-IGF Axis-Evidence from Epidemiological Cohorts and Human Clinical Studies; 5.3 Altered Programming of the GH-IGF Axis-Evidence from Animal Models; 5.3.1 Rodents; 5.3.2 Sheep; 5.3.3 Primates; 5.3.4 Other Models; 5.4 Epigenetic Regulation of the GH-IGF Axis 5.5 Strategies to Reverse Early Life Impacts on the GH-IGF Axis5.6 Conclusions; References; 6 Early Life Nutritional Programming of Adult Health Status; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Obesity and Pregnancy; 6.2.1 The Increasing Prevalence of Maternal Obesity; 6.2.2 Maternal Obesity and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes; 6.3 Maternal Obesity and Programming of Later Disease; 6.3.1 Epidemiological Evidence Linking Maternal Obesity to Later Outcome; 6.4 Animal Models of Maternal Obesity; 6.4.1 High Fat Feeding; 6.4.2 Cafeteria Feeding; 6.4.3 Clinical Studies; 6.5 Obesity and Infant Feeding; 6.5.1 The Role of Early Infant Nutrition: Breastmilk Versus Infant Formula