BookRanjana Patnail, AMit Kumar Tripathi, Ashish Dwivedi, editors.
Summary: This book provides detailed and comprehensive mechanistic insights of the various risk factors that lead to the ischemic stroke and the novel therapeutic interventions against it. The first section discusses the different ischemic cerebral stroke-induced inflammatory pathways and dysfunctionality of blood-brain barrier. The later sections of the book deals with the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitophagy in cerebral stroke and introduces the different neuroimaging techniques such as Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Positron emission tomography (PET) and Single-Photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that are used to identify the arterial blockages. The final section comprises of chapters that focus on various neuroprotective strategies and emerging therapeutic interventions for combating stroke pathophysiology. The chapters cover the role of stem cell therapy, the therapeutic effect of low-frequency electromagnetic radiations (LF-EMR), and implications of non-coding RNAs such as micro-RNAs as the biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in ischemic stroke.
Contents:
Intro; Contents; About the Editors;
Chapter 1: Cerebral Stroke: An Introduction; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Types of Stroke; 1.2.1 Ischemic Stroke; 1.2.2 Hemorrhagic Stroke; 1.2.3 Transient Ischemic Attack; 1.3 Stroke Pathophysiology; 1.4 Current Treatment Option for Stroke Patients; 1.5 Neuroprotective Agents in Preclinical and Clinical Trials; 1.6 Stroke-Induced BBB Disruption; 1.7 Ischemic Stroke-Induced ER Stress; 1.8 The Emerging Role of mi-RNA in Stroke Pathophysiology; 1.9 Neuroprotective Potential of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field; 1.10 Stem Cell Therapies for Cerebral Stroke 1.11 ConclusionReferences;
Chapter 2: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cerebral Stroke: Basic Principles; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Inflammation; 2.3 Inflammatory Role of Cytokines and Chemokines During Cerebral Stroke; 2.4 Oxidative Stress; 2.5 Treatment Strategy for Stroke; 2.5.1 Targeting Antioxidant Enzyme as a Therapeutic Strategy for Ischemic Stroke; 2.5.2 Regulation of Microglial Activation in Stroke; 2.5.3 Targeting the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway; References;
Chapter 3: Stroke Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 BBB Anatomy 3.3 BBB Junctional Complexes3.3.1 Adherens Junctions (AJs); 3.3.2 Tight Junctions (TJs); 3.3.3 Gap Junctions; 3.3.3.1 Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM); 3.3.3.2 Occludin; 3.3.3.3 Claudins; 3.3.4 Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase (MAGUK)-Like Proteins; 3.3.5 Accessory Proteins; 3.4 Calcium Modulation of TJ and TJ Proteins; 3.5 Phosphorylation: A Novel Regulatory Mechanism of TJ Proteins; 3.6 Impairment of BBB Integrity in Neuropathological Disorder; 3.6.1 Alteration of BBB Integrity in Stroke Injury; 3.7 Evaluation of BBB Disruption in Rodent Ischemic Stroke 3.8 Quantitative Evaluation of BBB in Ischemic Stroke Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI3.9 Conclusion; References;
Chapter 4: Ischemic Stroke-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 ER Stress, UPR, and Ischemia; 4.2.1 Components of UPR in Ischemia; 4.2.1.1 GRP78; 4.2.1.2 PERK; 4.2.1.3 ATF6; 4.2.1.4 IRE1; 4.3 Chronic ER Stress, UPR, and Pro-apoptotic Signaling in IR Injury; 4.3.1 CHOP; 4.3.2 Caspase 12; 4.3.3 JNK; 4.4 ER Stress and Autophagy in IR Injury; 4.5 ER Stress and miRNAs in IR Injury; 4.6 Conclusion; References
Chapter 5: The Role of Autophagy in Ischaemic Stroke: Friend or Foe?5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Pathophysiology of Ischaemic Stroke; 5.3 Various Animal Models to Study IS; 5.3.1 Intra-arterial Suture Middle Cerebral Arterial Occlusion Model; 5.3.2 Craniotomy Model; 5.3.3 Photothrombosis Model; 5.3.4 Endothelin-I Model; 5.3.5 Clot Embolic Model of Stroke; 5.4 Autophagy and Its Machinery; 5.5 Autophagy and Its Role in Cerebral Ischaemia; 5.5.1 Autophagy Activation in Ischaemic Stroke Protects Neurons; 5.5.2 Autophagy Is Also Responsible for Neuronal Death After Ischaemic Stroke