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  • Book
    Kenro Kusumi, Sally L. Dunwoodie, editors.
    Summary: Recent genetic studies of the spine has enhanced the understanding the genetic etiology of idiopathic, neuromuscular, and congenital forms of scoliosis. These findings are discussed in this timely review of scoliosis and developmental studies of the spine.

    Contents:
    Intro; Dedication; Preface; Contents; Contributors;
    Chapter 1: Developmental andFunctional Anatomy oftheSpine; Introduction; Embryonic Origins oftheSpine; Establishing theIntersomitic Boundary; Somite Epithelialization; Rostral/Caudal Polarity ofSomites; The Anatomy andDevelopment oftheVertebrae andIntervertebral Discs; Functional Anatomy oftheVertebrae andIV Discs; Development oftheVertebrae; Rostral/Caudal Patterning; Formation oftheIV Discs; The Anatomy andDevelopment ofSpinal Muscles; Functional Anatomy oftheSpinal Muscles; Development ofSpinal Muscles. Nongenetically Linked Conditions Characterized byAxial Skeletal DefectsSpina Bifida; The VATER Association; Environmental Factors That Cause Axial Skeletal Dysmorphogenesis; Valproic Acid; Hypoxia; Carbon Monoxide; Diabetes; Retinoic Acid; Hyperthermia; Arsenic; Ethanol; Methanol; Conclusion; References;
    Chapter 3: Congenital Scoliosis andSegmentation Defects oftheVertebrae intheGenetic Clinic; Introduction; Spondylocostal Dysostosis, Somitogenesis, andtheNotch Signalling Pathway; Varied Use ofClinical Terminology; Spondylocostal Dysostosis; Klippel-Feil Syndrome. Syndromes Containing CS PhenotypeAlagille Syndrome; VACTERL Association; Congenital NAD Deficiency Disorders; Facio-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum; Perspective; References;
    Chapter 5: Animal Models ofIdiopathic Scoliosis; Introduction; Normal Spine Function Requires theIntegration ofMultiple Musculoskeletal Tissues; Spine Form Follows Dysfunction; What Makes aGood Animal Model ofDisease?; Animal Models; Mechanical Models ofIS; Environmental Models; Genetic/Heritable Models ofIS; Aquatic Models ofIS; Mouse Models; Distinct Elements oftheMammalian Spine. Tendon DevelopmentSummary; References;
    Chapter 2: Environmental Factors andAxial Skeletal Dysmorphogenesis; Introduction; Vertebral Dysmorphogenesis inHuman Congenital Scoliosis; Normal Development oftheAxial Skeleton; Experimental Axial Skeletal Teratology; Pathogenesis ofAbnormal Axial Development; Overview ofAgents andConditions Associated withAxial Skeletal Teratogenesis; Recreational Teratogens; Pharmaceutical Teratogens; Industrial andEnvironmental Teratogens; Agricultural Teratogens; Infectious Diseases; Metabolic Conditions. The Genetics andClinical Description ofSCD SubtypesSCD1; SCD2; STD: Spondylothoracic Dysostosis; SCD3; SCD4; SCD5: Autosomal Dominant; SCD6; TBX6, Congenital Scoliosis, andMURCS; A New Classification andRadiological Reporting System forSDV; References;
    Chapter 4: The Genetics Contributing toDisorders Involving Congenital Scoliosis; Introduction; Background; Embryological Basis ofCS; Approaches inUnderstanding theGenetic Etiology ofCS; TBX6 Variants Contributing toCS; Syndromes andDisorders Associated withVMs; Spondylocostal Dysostosis; Klippel-Feil Syndrome.
    Digital Access Springer 2018
  • Article
    Quere MA, Pechereau A, Clergeau G.
    J Fr Ophtalmol. 1978 Jan;1(1):51-60 contd.
    The surgical management of functional esotropias is now very different from some years ago with Fadenoperation settled by Cüppers. Indeed this procedure is the only one which can act in a fitted manner on muscular spasms responsible of more than 60% of convergent squints. The simultaneous using of classical technics remains necessary, but in very different way from the custom formely. In the first part of this work, the authors begin to analyze the mechenism of medical rectus recession, and they show that operation doesn't act by a modification in arc of contact as it was always said, but only by a muscular slacking. On the contrary the change in arc of contact is the main factor which intervenes in Fadenoperation, but the muscle exclusion has also an important part. Whereas the effects of Fadenoperation on adduction incomitance are perfectly clear, those on the deviation in primary position still remain very abstruse. A statistical report on 143 cases of operated blocking esotropias shows that often Fadenoperation alone does not bring a complete cure of motor troubles. The authors explain the reasons of these failures and point out the other accurate muscular actions which must be associated to obtain a good result.
    Digital Access Access Options