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- BookPeter-John Wormald.Summary: There has been a significant shift from external and headlight sinus surgery to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). This dramatic change was initiated by the pioneering studies of Messerklinger in which he demonstrated that each sinus has a predetermined mucociliary clearance pattern draining toward its natural ostium irrespective of additional openings that may have been created into the sinuses.1 This philosophy of opening the natural ostium of the diseased sinus was then popularized by Stammberger2 and Kennedy.3 ESS is now accepted as the surgical management of choice for chronic sinusitis. In addition, as our knowledge of the anatomy of the sinuses has improved, other ancillary techniques such as endoscopic lacrimal surgery4 and orbital decompression5 have been developed. The development of specialized instruments has facilitated the endoscopic management of benign endonasal tumors6,7 and more recently the endoscopic management of malignant tumors8 of the nose, sinuses, and intracranial cavity. Endoscopic sinus surgery, ancillary nasal and sinus procedures, and, more recently, endoscopic transnasal intracranial surgery requires a broad range of specially designed endoscopic surgical instruments. -Introduction
- ArticleChambers CA, Naylor GJ.Br J Psychiatry. 1978 Jun;132:555-9.A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of L-tryptophan, with pyridoxine and ascorbic acid, was carried out in 10 female patients suffering from mania. In contrast to earlier studies led by Prange and Murphy, L-tryptophan was found to be no better than placebo.