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  • Book
    Commission to Eliminate Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities.
    Summary: The Commission to Eliminate Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities was established by the Protect Our Kids Act of 2012 to develop a national strategy and recommendations for reducing child fatalities resulting from abuse and neglect in the United States. This final report presents the Commission's findings and recommendations to the White House and Congress for ending child maltreatment fatalities within the context of a public health approach and a new child welfare system for the 21st century.

    Contents:
    Executive summary: Our promises to children
    Introduction. Confronting the tragedy of child abuse and fatalities
    Section 1. Populations in need of special attention. Hillsborough County, Florida : using data to improve practice and keep children safe ; Saving children's lives today and into the future ; Addressing the needs of American Indian/Alaska native children ; Reducing child abuse and neglect deaths in disproportionately affected communities
    Section 2. Components of the Commission's national strategy. Wichita, Kansas : champions for children ; Leadership and accountability ; Double protection for children: connecting law enforcement and CPS ; Decisions grounded in better data and research ; Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community : multiple eyes on the child ; Multidisciplinary support for families
    Conclusion: Taking our recommendations forward
    Appendix A: Protect Our Kids Act of 2012
    Appendix B: Commissioner biographies
    Appendix C: Presenters at public meetings
    Appendix D: Stakeholders and stakeholder organizations
    Appendix E: Organizations providing written testimony
    Appendix F: List of federal policies and programs reviewed
    Appendix G: Additional recommendations from stakeholders for Chapters 3 and 4
    Appendix H: Proposed additional responsibilities of the Children's Bureau
    Appendix I: List of proposed new data elements to include in the Annual Child Maltreatment Report
    Appendix J: Record of voting on the final report
    Appendix K: Minority report
    Appendix L: Letters from commissioners.
    Digital Access R2Library 2016
  • Article
    Lehner T.
    Ciba Found Symp. 1977 Apr 26-28(46):135-54.
    A heavy load of bacteria, referred to as dental plaque, accumulates at the junction between the teeth and gum. Bacterial plaque may be considered to have three functional components: (a) cariogenic organisms, (b) organisms inducing gingival inflammation and periodontal disease, and (c) adjuvant and tolerizing agents, such as lipopolysaccharides, dextrans and levans. Sequential investigation of plaque accumulation in man has shown a correlation between gingival inflammation and both lymphocyte transformation and macrophage migration inhibition. An adjuvant effect of in vivo plaque accumulation was manifested by the enhancement of T lymphocytes in the mixed leucocyte culture reaction and of B lymphocytes, as shown by the increased response to lipopolysaccharide. It may be significant that a substantial component of bacterial plaque consists of dextrans and levans, produced by certain streptococci and actinomyces, and lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. These bacterial products are B cell mitogens which may have an adjuvant or tolerizing effect on immune responses. The relationships between immunogenicity, mitogenicity, adjuvanticity and tolerogenicity of lipopolysaccharides, levan and dextran have not been clearly defined. However, important variables of the polyglycans are the molecular weight, type of branching, negative charge, epitope density, degradability, dosage and the sequence between mitogen and antigen. Dental plaque in man is a focus of B cell mitogens and T cell antigens which may modulate the immune responses in such a way as to induce a protective response in the development of caries and a damaging response in periodontal disease.
    Digital Access Access Options